Monthly Archives: December 2024

　　On October 8, 2023, global leader in CMOS image sensors, Omnivision, announced the launch of the world¨s first automotive CMOS image sensor, OX03H10, based on TheiaCel? technology, featuring 3.0-micron (μm) pixels. This sensor aims to provide unparalleled imaging clarity for surround-view and rear-view cameras, significantly enhancing driving safety under all lighting conditions.Through bit by bit efforts, let Pressure Sensor Our market share is getting higher and higher, and the return on investment is also rising steadily. https://www.hfyakexi.com/

　　Product Features

　　The OX03H10 is a high-definition CMOS image sensor with a 1/2.44-inch color resolution of 1920 x 1536 (3 million pixels) and high dynamic range (HDR) capabilities. At a resolution of 1920 x 1536, the OX03H10 supports 60 frames per second (fps) output while maintaining low power consumption. Its 3.0 μm pixels are based on PureCel?Plus-S stacked technology, allowing for the smallest pixel size and highest resolution in a 1/2.44-inch optical format.

　　The TheiaCel? technology combines Omnivision’s lateral overflow integrated capacitor (LOFIC) technology with its proprietary HDR technology, delivering exceptional image quality in any lighting condition.

　　Packaging and Compatibility

　　In terms of packaging, the OX03H10 features a compact a-CSP? package and is pin-to-pin compatible with Omnivision’s OX03F10 automotive image sensor, enabling seamless upgrades. Furthermore, the OX03H10 complies with ASIL C functional safety regulations, incorporates cybersecurity features, and supports MIPI output interfaces.

　　Market Outlook

　　＾The OX03H10 image sensor excels in low-light performance, achieving an impressive 140 dB dynamic range through single exposure, effectively mitigating LED flicker (LFM). This is made possible by our TheiaCel? technology, which leverages the capabilities of LOFIC technology, combined with Omnivision’s proprietary single-exposure DCG? and our renowned separated pixel HDR technology to achieve outstanding image quality under any lighting conditions,￣ said Naresh Shetty, Automotive Product Marketing Manager at Omnivision. ＾We are excited to introduce the OX03H10 camera across all next-generation vehicle categories, enhancing visibility in all aspects of driving and vehicle ownership.￣

　　The OX03H10 is now available for sampling and is expected to enter mass production in the first half of 2025.

　　Industry Position

　　According to Yole Group, Omnivision holds the third position in the global CMOS image sensor market in 2023, with an 11% market share, trailing only Sony (45%) and Samsung (19%). In the global automotive CMOS image sensor market, Omnivision ranks second with a 30% share, just behind ON Semiconductor (33%).

　　Summary

　　The OX03H10 image sensor launched by Omnivision, featuring advanced TheiaCel? technology and exceptional image quality, is set to bring new opportunities and challenges to the automotive camera industry. This sensor not only enhances safety and driving experiences but also solidifies Omnivision’s leading position in technological innovation and market competition. With samples now available and plans for future mass production, the OX03H10 is expected to shine in the automotive market, contributing to the development of smart vehicles.

　　As the digital age advances at an unprecedented pace, sensors play a vital role, connecting the physical world to the digital realm. Their widespread use spans industrial automation, environmental monitoring, smart homes, and healthcare, positioning them as key tools for data collection and processing. However, sensors often operate in highly complex environments where electromagnetic interference, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical vibrations can impact their performance. Anti-interference technology has, therefore, become indispensable in sensor design and application. Here, we¨ll explore commonly used sensor anti-interference techniques, along with their principles, applications, and effectiveness.among Fiber Optic Sensor It has given great spiritual support to entrepreneurs, and more entrepreneurs will contribute to this industry in the future. https://www.hfyakexi.com/

　　Overview of Key Anti-Interference Techniques

　　1. Shielding Techniques: Isolating the ＾Source of Interference￣

　　Shielding is essential for protecting sensors from electromagnetic interference (EMI), comprising static, electromagnetic, and low-frequency magnetic shielding.

　　Static Shielding: Uses conductive materials like copper or aluminum to create enclosed containers connected to the ground, thus blocking external electric fields.

　　Electromagnetic Shielding: Involves enclosing sensors within shielding covers or boxes to block high-frequency magnetic fields, protecting the internal circuitry.

　　Low-Frequency Magnetic Shielding: Utilizes high-permeability materials to shield against low-frequency and static magnetic fields.

　　By implementing these shielding methods, sensors can maintain stable performance even in challenging, interference-heavy environments.

　　2. Grounding Techniques: Building a ＾Foundation￣ Against Interference

　　Grounding connects sensors and their circuits to the ground, forming an equipotential body to reduce electromagnetic interference.

　　Single-Point Grounding: Ideal for low-frequency circuits to prevent interference from multiple ground loops.

　　Multi-Point Grounding: Suitable for high-frequency circuits, as it minimizes ground resistance and inductance to combat high-frequency interference.

　　Proper grounding enhances sensor stability and contributes significantly to overall system interference resistance.

　　3. Filtering Techniques: Precisely Filtering ＾Noise￣

　　Filtering is crucial for reducing interference by blocking unwanted frequencies and retaining valid signals.

　　RC Filters: Commonly used with sensors like thermocouples and strain gauges, where signal variation is slower.

　　LC Filters: Often deployed to filter noise from power sources, improving signal-to-noise ratios and ensuring accurate data transmission.

　　Filtering acts as a gatekeeper, blocking out unhelpful ＾noise￣ in complex sensor work environments.

　　4. Isolation Techniques: Physically Separating ＾Useful from Useless￣

　　Isolation separates sensor circuits from their targets, preventing the spread of interference signals.

　　Optocouplers: Use light transmission to achieve insulation between input and output, providing robust common-mode interference resistance.

　　Isolation Transformers: Fully insulate input and output windings, offering protection, surge suppression, and filtering benefits.

　　Isolation serves as protective armor for sensors, allowing them to function effectively even in interference-prone settings.

　　5. Digital Filtering and Calibration Algorithms: Intelligent Interference Protection

　　With advancements in digital processing, digital filtering and calibration algorithms have become essential in anti-interference for sensors.

　　Digital Filtering: Software-based signal processing extracts valid data while eliminating interference frequencies.

　　Calibration Algorithms: Analyze and model interference patterns to adapt to varying environments, ensuring accurate measurement.

　　These algorithms act as an ＾intelligent shield,￣ dynamically adapting sensors to interference-prone environments, making them more flexible across different applications.

　　Conclusion: The Future of Sensor Anti-Interference Technology

　　Amid rapid technological evolution, sensor anti-interference techniques are moving toward more intelligent and adaptive approaches. Through shielding, grounding, filtering, isolation, and digital algorithms, sensors can achieve consistent performance in complex environments and support reliable data in various applications. As the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence continue to expand, anti-interference technologies will further advance, providing stronger support for the stability and reliability of sensor data in the future.

　　With the improvement of people¨s living standards, the demand for home decoration is increasingly diversified. As a product that can improve the beauty of the sofa and protect the sofa, the demand for the sofa cover is growing in the market. For enterprises engaged in the import business of sofa covers, warehousing management is a crucial link, which is directly related to the operating costs of enterprises, quality of goods and customer satisfaction. This article will deeply discuss the key points of warehouse management of sofa cover import.To get brand praise, sofa cover manufacturer It is necessary to have the spirit of constantly improving the quality of products, but also to have a bunch of eternal heart fire. https://www.jopalic.com/

　　Jopalic.com | Sofa cover import storage management Points

　　First, the importance of import storage management of sofa covers

　　Ensure the safety of goods

　　Sofa cover in the import process, need to go through long-distance transportation and multiple links of handling. Good storage management can ensure that the goods are not damaged, lost or stolen during storage, ensuring the safety of the goods. For example, when the goods are stored in the warehouse, carefully check the package. If any damage is found, reinforce or replace the package in time to prevent the goods from being damaged due to packaging problems during storage.

　　Optimize inventory management

　　Reasonable storage management can help enterprises accurately grasp the inventory situation and avoid the occurrence of inventory overhang or out of stock. Through the effective control of inventory, enterprises can reduce inventory costs and improve the efficiency of capital use. For example, the inventory management system is used to classify statistics on different specifications and styles of sofa covers, and real-time monitoring of changes in the number of stocks in order to adjust procurement and sales strategies in a timely manner.

　　Improve logistics efficiency

　　Efficient warehouse management can make the goods more smooth in and out of the warehouse, reduce the waste of time in the logistics link. At the same time, reasonable storage layout and goods placement can improve the space utilization rate of the warehouse and improve the efficiency of logistics operations. For example, sofa covers of common specifications are placed close to the delivery area to facilitate quick picking and delivery, reducing the distance and time of cargo handling.

　　Meet customer needs

　　Timely and accurate delivery is the key to meeting customer needs. Good warehouse management can ensure that goods are delivered within the time required by customers and improve customer satisfaction. For example, the establishment of a rapid response delivery mechanism, when receiving customer orders, can quickly and accurately find the corresponding goods and packaging and delivery.

　　Jopalic.com | Sofa cover import storage management Points

　　Two, sofa cover import storage management points

　　Warehouse location

　　(1) Geographical location

　　The geographical location of the warehouse should be selected in a place with convenient transportation and close to the port or airport, so as to facilitate the transportation and loading and unloading of goods. At the same time, we should consider whether the surrounding logistics supporting facilities are perfect, such as road conditions, parking lots, gas stations, etc. For example, if the road around the warehouse is spacious and flat, it is easy to enter and exit large trucks, which can greatly improve the efficiency of goods transportation.

　　(2) Warehouse area

　　According to the business scale and development needs of the enterprise, choose the appropriate area of the warehouse. The warehouse area should be able to meet the current inventory needs, and leave some room for expansion. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the height of the warehouse, column distance and other factors to ensure that the space can be fully utilized. For example, for higher warehouses, high-rise shelves can be used to increase vertical storage space.

　　(3) Environmental conditions

　　The environmental conditions of the warehouse should meet the storage requirements of the sofa cover. For example, the warehouse should be kept dry and well ventilated to avoid damage to the goods caused by humidity, high temperature, direct sunlight, etc. For some special materials of sofa covers, such as silk, wool, etc., it is also necessary to consider the temperature and humidity control of the warehouse. Temperature and humidity monitoring equipment can be installed in the warehouse to monitor environmental changes in real time, and take timely measures to adjust once it exceeds the set range.

　　Warehouse layout and planning

　　(1) Functional area division

　　According to the operation process and functional requirements of the warehouse, reasonably divide different functional areas, such as receiving area, storage area, shipping area, return area, office area, etc. A reasonable channel width should be maintained between each functional area to facilitate the handling of goods and the passage of personnel. For example, the receiving area should be located near the warehouse entrance to facilitate the receiving and inspection of goods; The delivery area should be close to the exit to facilitate the quick loading and delivery of goods.

　　(2) Shelf and space planning

　　Select the appropriate shelf type and storage space planning method to improve the space utilization rate of the warehouse and the storage efficiency of goods. For the large volume and light weight goods such as sofa covers, light shelves or attic shelves can be used. At the same time, the cargo location should be numbered and identified to facilitate the search and management of the goods. For example, on the shelf affixed a clear location label, indicating the name of the goods, specifications, batches and other information, so that warehouse managers can quickly and accurately find the required goods.

　　(3) Channel design

　　Rationally design the channel of the warehouse, including the main channel, the sub-channel and the channel between the shelves. The width of the channel should be determined according to the handling equipment and operation process of the goods to ensure that the goods can smoothly enter and exit the warehouse. For example, the main passageway should be wide enough for handling equipment such as large forklifts to pass freely; The aisle between the shelves should be convenient for manual handling of goods, and the width should not be too narrow.

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Russian President Vladimir Putin said on the 13th that he would redeploy troops on the border between Russia and Finland in response to Finland’s accession to NATO, UPI reported on March 13.

Reported that Putin said in an interview with Russian state media that from the perspective of safeguarding national interests, the actions of Finland and Sweden are absolutely meaningless.

We used to have a good relationship with Finland on the whole, he said. It’s perfect. The two countries do not covet each other, especially territorial claims, let alone other areas. We didn’t even have troops at the border; we withdrew all our troops from the Finnish border.

But this is their decision, Putin said. Now that they have decided that we did not have troops there in the past, we will have them now.

It is reported that in 2022, shortly after Russia sent troops to Ukraine, Finland and Sweden applied to join NATO. Finland became a member of NATO in April last year, and Sweden did not formally join until last week because of opposition from Hungary and Turkey.

Putin’s remarks came after Finnish Prime Minister Peter Riolpo told the European Parliament in Strasbourg that other EU countries must follow Finland’s example and strengthen security in marginal areas. (compiled by Wang Dongdong)

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Putin warns the West: ready for nuclear war

Russian President Vladimir Putin has warned the West that Russia is technically ready for a nuclear war and that if the United States sends troops to Ukraine, it will be seen as a major escalation of the war, Reuters reported on March 13.

Putin accepted a joint interview with Russia-1 Channel and Russian News Agency on the 12th. The program about this interview was officially broadcast on the 13th.

In response to the question of whether Russia is really ready to fight a nuclear war, Putin said: from the perspective of military technology, we are certainly ready, the report said.

Putin pointed out that the United States understands that if it deploys US troops on Russian territory or in Ukraine, Russia will regard this as intervention. So while I don’t think it’s all in a hurry to [nuclear confrontation” target=_blank>, we are ready for it, he said.

The conflict in Ukraine triggered the most serious crisis in relations between Russia and the West since the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Putin has repeatedly warned that if the West sends troops to fight in Ukraine, it could lead to a nuclear war.

In the interview, Putin reiterated that the use of nuclear weapons is something already stated in the Kremlin’s nuclear policy, which sets out the possible use of nuclear weapons by Russia.

Putin said: weapons exist to use them. We have our own principles.

The report also said that for the conflict in Ukraine, which has lasted for two years, Putin said that Russia is ready to hold serious talks on the Ukraine issue.

Putin said: Russia is ready to negotiate on Ukraine, but the negotiations should be based on reality, not on desire after the use of psychotropic substances.

Reuters reported last month that Putin’s proposal to cease fire in Ukraine to freeze the war was rejected by the United States after middlemen between Russia and the United States.

According to the report, he also said in an interview that if the United States conducts a nuclear test, Russia may do the same.

We may not have to consider this issue, but I do not rule out the possibility that we will do the same, he said. (compiled by Longjun)

　　Velvet has long been associated with luxury and elegance. Recently, velvet sofa cushions have become a popular choice for homeowners looking to add a touch of sophistication to their interiors. Whether you¨re redecorating your living room or simply looking to refresh your space, velvet sofa cushions can make a dramatic difference.contemporaneity quilt manufacturer Our competitors have not made large-scale improvements, so we should get ahead of everyone in the project. https://www.jopalic.com/

　　Table of contents:

　　How Velvet Sofa Cushions Can Transform Your Living Room Look

　　Mixing Textures: Combining Velvet with Other Fabrics

　　Tips for Incorporating Velvet Sofa Cushions into Seasonal Decor Changes

　　Sofa Cushions Can Refresh Your Living Room Decor

　　In this blog post, we¨ll explore how decorating with velvet sofa cushions can transform your living room, tips for mixing textures, and how to use these cushions for seasonal decor changes. Let¨s dive into the world of velvet and discover why it¨s a timeless choice for stylish interiors.

　　How Velvet Sofa Cushions Can Transform Your Living Room Look

　　Custom sofa cushions can instantly elevate the look of your living room. The plush texture and rich colors provide a sense of opulence that other fabrics simply can¨t match. Imagine sinking into a cozy custom cushion after a long day！it¨s the epitome of comfort and style. These cushions are also versatile; they can complement various decor styles, from modern to traditional. By choosing colors that match your existing decor, you can create a cohesive and inviting space that feels both luxurious and comfortable. Additionally, custom cushions can serve as focal points, drawing attention to your seating area and making it a centerpiece of your room.

　　jopalic

　　Mixing Textures: Combining Velvet with Other Fabrics

　　One of the best ways for a Sofa Cushion manufacturer to create dynamic and interesting living room designs is by mixing textures. Velvet sofa cushions pair beautifully with various fabrics, resulting in a visually appealing and tactile experience. For instance, combining velvet cushions with linen or cotton throws offers a balanced look that blends luxury with casual comfort. Alternatively, pairing velvet with leather furniture can add softness to the sleekness of leather. The key is to experiment and find combinations that suit your style. Don¨t hesitate to mix and match different textures, creating a layered and inviting space that feels curated and personal.

　　Tips for Incorporating Velvet Sofa Cushions into Seasonal Decor Changes

　　If you¨re looking to seamlessly incorporate velvet sofa cushions into your seasonal decor changes, consider these practical tips. First, establish a neutral base with your main furniture pieces to allow your cushions to stand out as the season¨s centerpiece. Invest in cushion covers rather than entirely new cushions, allowing you to easily switch styles and save storage space. Embrace seasonal themes beyond just colors！consider patterns that reflect the mood of the season, such as florals for spring or plaid for autumn. Use your velvet cushions to complement other seasonal decor, such as cozy blankets in the winter or fresh flowers in the spring, to create a cohesive and welcoming atmosphere. Finally, don¨t forget to store off-season cushions properly to maintain their lush texture and appearance, ensuring they remain a stunning addition to your living room year after year.

　　Sofa Cushions Can Refresh Your Living Room Decor

　　Revamping your living room decor doesn¨t have to involve a complete overhaul！sometimes, all it takes is a new set of sofa cushions to breathe life into your space. Sofa cushions are a cost-effective way to introduce new colors, patterns, and textures, instantly transforming the ambiance of your room. They provide an opportunity to experiment with the latest trends or to introduce a seasonal color palette without the commitment of permanent changes. Whether you opt for bold prints to make a statement or subtle hues for understated elegance, sofa cushions can serve as versatile accessories in revamping and refreshing your decor. By thoughtfully selecting cushions that resonate with your personal style, you can create a living room that feels renewed and perfectly tailored to your design preferences.

　　Velvet sofa cushions are a versatile and stylish addition to any living room. They offer an easy way to transform your space, whether you¨re looking to add a touch of luxury, mix textures, or update your decor seasonally. The rich texture and vibrant colors of velvet cushions make them a standout choice for homeowners who want to create a cozy and inviting atmosphere. If you¨re ready to elevate your living room¨s style, consider investing in high-quality velvet sofa cushions. For more tips on interior decor and to explore our range of custom, wholesale, and manufacturer options, visit our website today and start transforming your home with the timeless elegance of velvet.

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Around 20:00 local time on the 22nd, a shooting occurred in a concert hall on the outskirts of Moscow, Russia. The latest situation:

Terrorist attacks on concert halls have killed more than 60 people

The number of victims may increase.

A shooting occurred in a concert hall on the outskirts of the Russian capital Moscow on March 22. The Russian Foreign Ministry said on the 22nd that the shooting that took place in the concert hall of Krokus on the outskirts of Moscow that day was a terrorist attack. The investigation Commission of the Russian Federation said it would conduct a criminal investigation into the shooting in the concert hall in accordance with the provisions of terrorist acts.

The investigation Commission of the Russian Federation says more than 60 people have been killed in the attack. The number of victims is likely to increase.

According to Russian local media reports, law enforcement officials are searching for a white car that may have been used by the perpetrators of the concert hall shooting. It is reported that after the attack, four of them ran out of the concert hall, changed into prepared clothes and fled the scene.

Putin gives instructions

According to RIA Novosti news agency reported on the 22nd local time, Russian President Vladimir Peskov said that Russian President Vladimir Putin has made all necessary instructions on the attack on the concert hall on the outskirts of Moscow.

Peskov also said that within minutes of the incident, Putin knew about the terrorist attack and continued to keep abreast of the latest information.

The smoke once affected the rescue.

All-round enhancement of urban vigilance

At 3: 00 a.m. local time on the 23rd, Wang Bin, a reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station, saw in the parking lot of the concert hall where the shooting occurred in Moscow, Russia, that rescue vehicles at the scene had been reduced, and the possibility of a further rise in the death toll could not be ruled out.

, the length is 01:52.

Earlier, members of the Russian National Guard were unable to stay for a long time during the search and rescue process in the concert hall due to the influence of thick smoke.

After the terrorist attacks, the Russian Ministry of Transport announced that security checks at airports and railway stations will be strengthened to remind passengers going to airports or railway stations to travel ahead of time. Russia’s Vnukovo airport, which is relatively close to the site of the incident, announced that it had stepped up security. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation announced that all public and recreational activities of federal cultural institutions have been cancelled in the next few days. Moscow Mayor Sobyanin announced the evening of 22 local time, cancel all cultural, sports and other public activities held in Moscow over the weekend.

Survivors tell stories of thrilling moments

Some survivors of the attack told the media about the scary moments of the attack.

Several heavily armed attackers shot at the crowd and set fire to the building where the concert hall is located. According to RIA Novosti, the roof of the building collapsed. Earlier, trapped people were waiting for rescue on the roof. Russian rescue workers evacuated about 100 people from the basement of the burning building.

Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Zakharovaa said the international community must condemn this inhuman crime. Zakharovaa also said that if the United States has and currently has reliable information about the attack, it should be handed over to Russia immediately. The US Embassy in Russia issued a notice on it on the 7th of this month that Russia will face a terrorist threat within the next 48 hours, and that extremists plan to attack large crowd gathering places in Moscow, including concert halls.

The Security Council issued a statement

Strongly condemns the terrorist attack on the Russian concert hall

On March 22, local time, the United Nations Security Council issued a statement strongly condemning the terrorist attack at a concert hall on the outskirts of Moscow, Russia.

The statement said it was a heinous cowardly terrorist attack. Members of the Council expressed their deepest sympathy and condolences to the families of the victims and the Russian people and wished the injured a full recovery as soon as possible.

Members of the Council reaffirmed that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations is one of the most serious threats to international peace and security.

The statement stressed that the perpetrators, organizers, financiers and supporters of these reprehensible terrorist acts should be held accountable and brought to justice. All States are urged to cooperate actively with the Government of the Russian Federation and all other relevant authorities in this regard in accordance with their obligations under international law and relevant Security Council resolutions.

The Council reiterates that any terrorist act is a crime and cannot be excused, regardless of its motive, when, where and by whom it was committed. All States must adopt all means to combat the threat to international peace and security posed by terrorist acts in accordance with their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations and international law.

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Geneva, July 16 (Reporter Chen Binjie) The World Trade Organization’s side event on China’s trade policy review was held in Geneva, Switzerland on the 16th. The theme of the event is to understand China’s economic and trade policies from the central and local government levels, and aims to help WTO members understand China’s economic and trade policies.

Experts and scholars from the China Academy of Macroeconomics, University of International Business and Economics, Wuhan University, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, and representatives of foreign-funded enterprises in China introduced the policies, measures and practical experiences adopted by China to achieve high-quality development and high-level opening up at the meeting, and interacted with more than 100 participants from the WTO Secretariat, WTO members, international organizations and news media.

In response to WTO members ‘concerns about China’s macroeconomic and domestic reform measures, experts attending the meeting objectively analyzed China’s macroeconomic performance and prospects, and elaborated in depth on China’s introduction in developing new productive forces, building a unified national market, and promoting the development and growth of the private economy. New measures. In order to introduce in depth China’s local practice of further expanding opening up, experts and business representatives attending the meeting introduced in detail the opening up measures adopted by the national comprehensive pilot demonstration of expanding opening up of the service industry based on specific cases and the achievements made in optimizing the business environment and facilitating foreign-funded enterprises to operate in China. Achievements. Officials of the WTO Secretariat and representatives of WTO members expressed great interest in the topics introduced at the meeting, and still had heated discussions with experts at the meeting site after the meeting.

This side event is the first time that China has held such an event on the eve of the trade policy review. Li Chenggang, China’s Permanent Representative to the WTO, said in his speech that China’s hosting of supporting side events on the eve of the review is a specific motion to implement the WTO reform on strengthening the trade policy review mechanism. Trade policy review is not only an important way for the WTO to supervise trade policies and enhance the transparency of member policies, but also an important platform for enhancing understanding and building trust, which is crucial to the effective operation of the WTO.

In his speech, Alexander Keck, Director of the Trade Policy Review Department of the WTO Secretariat, highly praised China’s positive and open attitude in the preparations for this trade policy review, fully affirmed that China’s hosting of side events will help WTO members gain a deeper understanding of China’s economic and trade policies, increase trust and dispel doubts. It praised China as the first WTO member to actively implement the results of the reform of the trade policy review mechanism. It has played an important role in promoting WTO members to participate in trade policy reviews and in-depth interactive exchanges.

Trade policy review is one of the three major functions of the WTO alongside rule negotiation and dispute resolution. Members raise questions and express concerns about trade policies to each other. It is an important transparency mechanism for members to understand each other’s direction of economic and trade policies and the implementation of commitments. According to the review rules, the top four members in the world in terms of trade volume are reviewed every two years.

　　This article provides a detailed overview of the key processes and considerations in electroplating, chemical plating, and hot air leveling for Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC). It highlights the importance of pre-treatment in electroplating for maintaining FPC performance, the challenges in controlling plating thickness, and issues related to post-plating stains. Additionally, the article discusses the application of chemical plating when FPC conductors cannot serve as electrodes and the quality concerns that may arise. Finally, it examines the use of hot air leveling on FPCs, focusing on adhesion strength and moisture resistance. Through this article, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the common challenges in FPC manufacturing and their solutions.With the upsurge of industry development, custom flex pcb The expressive force in the market has also been very good, bringing many brand-new high-quality experiences to users. https://gekunflex.com/

　　FPC manufacturer

　　FPC manufacturer

　　FPC Plating Process

　　1. Pre-treatment for FPC Electroplating

　　After the flexible printed circuit (FPC) undergoes the coating process, the exposed copper conductors may be contaminated by adhesives or ink. Additionally, oxidation and discoloration caused by high-temperature processes can occur. To ensure good adhesion of the plating, these contaminants and oxidation layers must be removed, leaving the conductor surface clean.

　　However, some contaminants are strongly bonded to the copper conductor, making it difficult to remove them with weak cleaning agents. Strong alkaline abrasives and brushing are typically used for this treatment. Since the adhesive used in the cover layer is often epoxy-based, which is not resistant to alkaline agents, this can weaken bonding strength. Although not immediately apparent, during the electroplating process, the plating solution may seep into the edges of the cover layer, and in severe cases, cause delamination of the cover layer.

　　At the final soldering stage, solder might seep beneath the cover layer. Therefore, the pre-treatment cleaning process has a significant impact on the basic characteristics of the FPC, making it essential to pay close attention to the processing conditions.

　　2. Thickness of FPC Electroplating

　　The deposition rate of electroplating metal is directly related to the intensity of the electric field, which varies depending on the shape of the circuit and the position of the electrodes. Generally, the thinner the conductor line and the sharper the terminal end, the stronger the electric field, leading to a thicker plating in those areas.

　　In FPC applications, there are often wide differences in the width of conductor lines within the same circuit, resulting in uneven plating thickness. To prevent this, auxiliary cathode patterns are added around the circuit to absorb uneven current distribution across the plating pattern, ensuring uniform plating thickness across all areas.

　　Electrode structure is key here. A compromise approach can be adopted, where stricter standards apply to areas requiring high plating uniformity, such as molten solder (lead-tin) and gold plating for metal wire bonding, while areas requiring plating for general corrosion protection may have more relaxed thickness requirements.

　　FPC manufacturer

　　3. Contamination of FPC Electroplating

　　Immediately after electroplating, the plated surface may appear fine, but stains, dirt, or discoloration can appear over time. Often, these issues are not detected during factory inspections but are discovered during customer acceptance tests. This happens when the plated surface is not adequately rinsed, leaving residual plating solution, which reacts chemically over time, especially on the flexible surface due to its softness and uneven texture.

　　To prevent this, thorough rinsing and drying are essential. A high-temperature thermal aging test can verify whether rinsing was sufficient.

　　FPC Chemical Plating

　　When the conductor to be plated is isolated and cannot serve as an electrode, chemical plating must be used. Chemical plating solutions are highly reactive, and a common example is chemical gold plating. The chemical gold plating solution is an alkaline solution with a very high pH value.

　　When using this process, it is easy for the plating solution to seep beneath the cover layer, especially if the lamination quality control is poor, leading to weak adhesion. Displacement reactions in chemical plating exacerbate this problem, making it difficult to achieve ideal plating conditions.

　　FPC Hot Air Leveling (HASL)

　　Hot air leveling was originally developed for rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs) to coat them with lead-tin. However, this technique has been applied to FPCs due to its simplicity. Hot air leveling involves immersing the board vertically into molten lead-tin and blowing off excess solder with hot air.

　　These conditions are quite harsh for FPCs. Without special measures, FPCs cannot be immersed in molten solder. To address this, FPCs must be clamped between titanium-steel meshes before immersion. Additionally, the surface of the FPC must be cleaned and coated with flux beforehand.

　　Due to the harsh nature of the hot air leveling process, solder may seep beneath the edges of the cover layer, especially if the bonding strength between the cover layer and the copper foil is weak. Since polyimide films are prone to moisture absorption, moisture can evaporate suddenly under the heat, causing blistering or even delamination of the cover layer. Therefore, drying and moisture control must be performed before FPC hot air leveling.

　　FPC manufacturer

　　FPC manufacturer

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Around 20:00 local time on the 22nd, a shooting occurred in a concert hall on the outskirts of Moscow, Russia. The latest situation:

Terrorist attacks on concert halls have killed more than 60 people

The number of victims may increase.

A shooting occurred in a concert hall on the outskirts of the Russian capital Moscow on March 22. The Russian Foreign Ministry said on the 22nd that the shooting that took place in the concert hall of Krokus on the outskirts of Moscow that day was a terrorist attack. The investigation Commission of the Russian Federation said it would conduct a criminal investigation into the shooting in the concert hall in accordance with the provisions of terrorist acts.

The investigation Commission of the Russian Federation says more than 60 people have been killed in the attack. The number of victims is likely to increase.

According to Russian local media reports, law enforcement officials are searching for a white car that may have been used by the perpetrators of the concert hall shooting. It is reported that after the attack, four of them ran out of the concert hall, changed into prepared clothes and fled the scene.

Putin gives instructions

According to RIA Novosti news agency reported on the 22nd local time, Russian President Vladimir Peskov said that Russian President Vladimir Putin has made all necessary instructions on the attack on the concert hall on the outskirts of Moscow.

Peskov also said that within minutes of the incident, Putin knew about the terrorist attack and continued to keep abreast of the latest information.

The smoke once affected the rescue.

All-round enhancement of urban vigilance

At 3: 00 a.m. local time on the 23rd, Wang Bin, a reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station, saw in the parking lot of the concert hall where the shooting occurred in Moscow, Russia, that rescue vehicles at the scene had been reduced, and the possibility of a further rise in the death toll could not be ruled out.

, the length is 01:52.

Earlier, members of the Russian National Guard were unable to stay for a long time during the search and rescue process in the concert hall due to the influence of thick smoke.

After the terrorist attacks, the Russian Ministry of Transport announced that security checks at airports and railway stations will be strengthened to remind passengers going to airports or railway stations to travel ahead of time. Russia’s Vnukovo airport, which is relatively close to the site of the incident, announced that it had stepped up security. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation announced that all public and recreational activities of federal cultural institutions have been cancelled in the next few days. Moscow Mayor Sobyanin announced the evening of 22 local time, cancel all cultural, sports and other public activities held in Moscow over the weekend.

Survivors tell stories of thrilling moments

Some survivors of the attack told the media about the scary moments of the attack.

Several heavily armed attackers shot at the crowd and set fire to the building where the concert hall is located. According to RIA Novosti, the roof of the building collapsed. Earlier, trapped people were waiting for rescue on the roof. Russian rescue workers evacuated about 100 people from the basement of the burning building.

Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Zakharovaa said the international community must condemn this inhuman crime. Zakharovaa also said that if the United States has and currently has reliable information about the attack, it should be handed over to Russia immediately. The US Embassy in Russia issued a notice on it on the 7th of this month that Russia will face a terrorist threat within the next 48 hours, and that extremists plan to attack large crowd gathering places in Moscow, including concert halls.

The Security Council issued a statement

Strongly condemns the terrorist attack on the Russian concert hall

On March 22, local time, the United Nations Security Council issued a statement strongly condemning the terrorist attack at a concert hall on the outskirts of Moscow, Russia.

The statement said it was a heinous cowardly terrorist attack. Members of the Council expressed their deepest sympathy and condolences to the families of the victims and the Russian people and wished the injured a full recovery as soon as possible.

Members of the Council reaffirmed that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations is one of the most serious threats to international peace and security.

The statement stressed that the perpetrators, organizers, financiers and supporters of these reprehensible terrorist acts should be held accountable and brought to justice. All States are urged to cooperate actively with the Government of the Russian Federation and all other relevant authorities in this regard in accordance with their obligations under international law and relevant Security Council resolutions.

The Council reiterates that any terrorist act is a crime and cannot be excused, regardless of its motive, when, where and by whom it was committed. All States must adopt all means to combat the threat to international peace and security posed by terrorist acts in accordance with their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations and international law.