Monthly Archives: December 2024

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According to a report by the Tass news agency on March 11, Budanov, Director of the Intelligence Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, said that Ukraine is preparing to take major actions in Crimea.

According to reports, the Information Service of the Intelligence Directorate of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense quoted Budanov as saying on the Telegraph social platform: Our operations in the Black Sea are preparations for a major operation in Crimea.

The General Intelligence Directorate of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense stated that all Ukrainian military operations in the Black Sea region from 2022 to 2023 are linked by the same strategic consideration, and the Ukrainian military’s attempt to attack the left bank of the Dnieper River in Kherson Oblast is also for the same purpose.

According to reports, the Ukraine television channel recently broadcast a film about the successful operations of the Ukraine armed forces and military intelligence in the region.

The report pointed out that Uzbekistan’s claim that it will take certain actions is due to the serious delay in aid by its allies. The U.S. Congress has been unable to approve spending to support Kiev for months, and supplies provided by EU countries cannot meet all the needs of the Ukraine military.

The report believes that for the Ukrainian army, the situation became more complicated after the fall of Afdeevka. If Washington does not provide new aid to Kiev, the Ukrainian army will soon face a new disaster. Uzbekistan is trying to attract the attention of Western allies with isolated and decentralized actions that some media exaggerate to shape opportunities that Kiev does not actually have. (Compiled by Wei Lianglei)

　　This article provides a detailed overview of the key processes and considerations in electroplating, chemical plating, and hot air leveling for Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC). It highlights the importance of pre-treatment in electroplating for maintaining FPC performance, the challenges in controlling plating thickness, and issues related to post-plating stains. Additionally, the article discusses the application of chemical plating when FPC conductors cannot serve as electrodes and the quality concerns that may arise. Finally, it examines the use of hot air leveling on FPCs, focusing on adhesion strength and moisture resistance. Through this article, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the common challenges in FPC manufacturing and their solutions.In addition to innate advantages, flexible circuits Its own product attributes are also extremely high-end, in order to remain unbeaten in the market competition. https://gekunflex.com/

　　FPC manufacturer

　　FPC manufacturer

　　FPC Plating Process

　　1. Pre-treatment for FPC Electroplating

　　After the flexible printed circuit (FPC) undergoes the coating process, the exposed copper conductors may be contaminated by adhesives or ink. Additionally, oxidation and discoloration caused by high-temperature processes can occur. To ensure good adhesion of the plating, these contaminants and oxidation layers must be removed, leaving the conductor surface clean.

　　However, some contaminants are strongly bonded to the copper conductor, making it difficult to remove them with weak cleaning agents. Strong alkaline abrasives and brushing are typically used for this treatment. Since the adhesive used in the cover layer is often epoxy-based, which is not resistant to alkaline agents, this can weaken bonding strength. Although not immediately apparent, during the electroplating process, the plating solution may seep into the edges of the cover layer, and in severe cases, cause delamination of the cover layer.

　　At the final soldering stage, solder might seep beneath the cover layer. Therefore, the pre-treatment cleaning process has a significant impact on the basic characteristics of the FPC, making it essential to pay close attention to the processing conditions.

　　2. Thickness of FPC Electroplating

　　The deposition rate of electroplating metal is directly related to the intensity of the electric field, which varies depending on the shape of the circuit and the position of the electrodes. Generally, the thinner the conductor line and the sharper the terminal end, the stronger the electric field, leading to a thicker plating in those areas.

　　In FPC applications, there are often wide differences in the width of conductor lines within the same circuit, resulting in uneven plating thickness. To prevent this, auxiliary cathode patterns are added around the circuit to absorb uneven current distribution across the plating pattern, ensuring uniform plating thickness across all areas.

　　Electrode structure is key here. A compromise approach can be adopted, where stricter standards apply to areas requiring high plating uniformity, such as molten solder (lead-tin) and gold plating for metal wire bonding, while areas requiring plating for general corrosion protection may have more relaxed thickness requirements.

　　FPC manufacturer

　　3. Contamination of FPC Electroplating

　　Immediately after electroplating, the plated surface may appear fine, but stains, dirt, or discoloration can appear over time. Often, these issues are not detected during factory inspections but are discovered during customer acceptance tests. This happens when the plated surface is not adequately rinsed, leaving residual plating solution, which reacts chemically over time, especially on the flexible surface due to its softness and uneven texture.

　　To prevent this, thorough rinsing and drying are essential. A high-temperature thermal aging test can verify whether rinsing was sufficient.

　　FPC Chemical Plating

　　When the conductor to be plated is isolated and cannot serve as an electrode, chemical plating must be used. Chemical plating solutions are highly reactive, and a common example is chemical gold plating. The chemical gold plating solution is an alkaline solution with a very high pH value.

　　When using this process, it is easy for the plating solution to seep beneath the cover layer, especially if the lamination quality control is poor, leading to weak adhesion. Displacement reactions in chemical plating exacerbate this problem, making it difficult to achieve ideal plating conditions.

　　FPC Hot Air Leveling (HASL)

　　Hot air leveling was originally developed for rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs) to coat them with lead-tin. However, this technique has been applied to FPCs due to its simplicity. Hot air leveling involves immersing the board vertically into molten lead-tin and blowing off excess solder with hot air.

　　These conditions are quite harsh for FPCs. Without special measures, FPCs cannot be immersed in molten solder. To address this, FPCs must be clamped between titanium-steel meshes before immersion. Additionally, the surface of the FPC must be cleaned and coated with flux beforehand.

　　Due to the harsh nature of the hot air leveling process, solder may seep beneath the edges of the cover layer, especially if the bonding strength between the cover layer and the copper foil is weak. Since polyimide films are prone to moisture absorption, moisture can evaporate suddenly under the heat, causing blistering or even delamination of the cover layer. Therefore, drying and moisture control must be performed before FPC hot air leveling.

　　FPC manufacturer

　　FPC manufacturer

　　Gekun is a leading manufacturer specializing in high-quality Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC). With years of experience in the industry, Gekun provides advanced FPC solutions tailored to various industries, including telecommunications, medical devices, automotive, and consumer electronics. Their manufacturing process emphasizes precision, reliability, and innovation, ensuring excellent performance and durability. For businesses looking for custom FPC designs or mass production, Gekun stands out as a trusted partner, offering both competitive pricing and cutting-edge technology.

　　For more information on Gekun¨s FPC manufacturing capabilities, you can visit their official website or contact their team for specific inquiries.

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Damascus, March 17 (Reporters Ji Ze Cheng Shuaopeng) The United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Syria, Pei Kairu, said in the Syrian capital Damascus on the 17th that the current situation in Syria is extremely difficult and faces challenges in security, economic and political process.

After meeting with Syrian Foreign Minister Mekdad that day, Pei Kaiju told the media that Syria’s humanitarian needs are increasing, but aid funds are decreasing.

Regarding the recent escalation of the conflict between the Syrian government and the opposition, Pei Kaiju urged both sides to resolve the crisis politically in a way that gave hope to the Syria people. He also said that the United Nations will continue to work hard to increase aid funds to help Syria meet relevant challenges.

The World Health Organization said on the 16th that the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance in Syria currently reaches 16.7 million, more than at any time since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011.

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Paris, May 14 (Reporter Tang Jiyan) Armed men attacked a prison truck at a highway toll station in the province of Eure in northern France on the 14th, killing two prison guards and seriously injuring three others.

According to French media reports, at around 11 a.m. local time, a group of armed men attacked a prison truck at the toll station and stole a prisoner suspected of drug trafficking and intentional homicide being escorted on the prison truck. After the incident, a highway connected to the toll station was closed in both directions.

French President Macron said on social media that the attack shocked everyone and the government was making every effort to find the attacker. French Interior Minister Darmanin said on social media that hundreds of police and gendarmerie had been dispatched after the incident.

At present, the French National Gendarmerie Action Team has rushed to the scene of the incident. The Paris Public Prosecutor’s Office’s judicial branch responsible for combating organized crime began an investigation into the attack.

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　　A single-sided flexible PCB consists of one conductive layer, usually made of copper, and a flexible substrate. It is designed for simple, low-complexity circuits where electrical components are mounted only on one side. Single-sided flexible PCBs are highly flexible, lightweight, and cost-effective, making them ideal for applications that require a flexible connection or movement in confined spaces.

　　Typical features of single-sided flexible PCBs include:

　　One conductive layer

　　Simple design and manufacturing process

　　Reduced cost due to fewer materials

　　Excellent flexibility, allowing bending and folding without compromising function

　　Single-sided flexible PCBs are widely used in consumer electronics, medical devices, and automotive sensors, where space and weight are critical factors.

　　What is a Double-Sided Flexible PCB?

　　A double-sided flexible PCB has two conductive layers, one on each side of the flexible substrate. These layers are interconnected using vias (small plated holes), allowing more complex circuitry and higher component density than single-sided PCBs. The double-sided design offers enhanced functionality and flexibility for more advanced applications that require signal routing on both sides of the board.

　　Key features of double-sided flexible PCBs include:

　　Two conductive layers

　　More complex designs for higher functionality

　　Vias for inter-layer connectivity

　　Higher component density, supporting more complex circuits

　　Double-sided flexible PCBs are used in more sophisticated applications like industrial control systems, aerospace technology, and complex automotive electronics, where higher performance and reliability are required.

　　Single-Sided Flexible PCB

　　Key Differences Between Single-Sided and Double-Sided Flexible PCBs

　　The primary differences between single-sided and double-sided flexible PCBs are their layer structure, functionality, and applications.

　　Feature Single-Sided Flexible PCB Double-Sided Flexible PCB

　　Number of Conductive Layers One layer Two layers (one on each side)

　　Design Complexity Simple designs Supports more complex circuits

　　Manufacturing Cost Lower cost due to fewer materials Higher cost due to additional layers

　　Component Density Limited to one side Allows components on both sides

　　Applications Consumer electronics, sensors, medical Aerospace, automotive, industrial

　　Flexibility High flexibility Moderate flexibility

　　Applications in Various Industries

　　Single-sided flexible PCBs are commonly used in:

　　Consumer Electronics: Remote controls, LED lighting systems, and mobile devices, where simplicity and low cost are essential.

　　Automotive: Sensors and connectors that require lightweight and flexible designs.

　　Medical Devices: Wearable health monitors and portable medical equipment, where small, flexible circuits are needed.

　　Double-sided flexible PCBs find their place in more advanced applications, such as:

　　Aerospace: Flight control systems and avionics that require high-reliability, complex circuitry in lightweight formats.

　　Automotive: Engine control units, infotainment systems, and safety sensors.

　　Industrial Equipment: Robotics and machinery that demand multi-layer circuits with high performance and durability.

　　Choosing the Right Flexible PCB for Your Needs

　　Selecting between a single-sided or double-sided flexible PCB depends on the specific needs of your project. If your application requires a simple, low-cost solution with minimal circuitry, a single-sided flexible PCB is often sufficient. However, for more complex designs requiring higher functionality and component density, a double-sided flexible PCB is the better option.

　　Rigid-Flex Combination

　　Gekun: Your Trusted Flexible PCB Manufacturer

　　Whether you¨re looking for single-sided flexible PCBs for simple electronic applications or double-sided flexible PCBs for more advanced industrial or automotive projects, Gekun offers high-quality, reliable solutions. With our advanced manufacturing processes and commitment to innovation, we ensure that our products meet the highest standards for performance and durability. Partner with Gekun for your next project and experience the benefits of cutting-edge flexible PCB technology.

　　Understanding the differences between single-sided and double-sided flexible PCBs is essential when choosing the right solution for your application. Both types offer unique advantages and are tailored to meet the needs of various industries. As technology advances, flexible PCBs will continue to play a crucial role in the development of innovative electronics, automotive systems, and aerospace technologies.

　　For top-quality flexible PCBs, trust Gekun to deliver solutions that meet your specific needs, from design to production.

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According to a report by Russia’s Lenta on July 16, Slutsky, chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament) and leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, said on the telegram social platform that Moscow will not participate in the peace summit on Ukraine’s conditions.

According to reports, on July 15, Ukraine President Zelensky proposed inviting Russia to attend the next peace summit.

I’m setting tasks so that we can come up with a fully mature plan in November, Zelensky said. After the plan is finalized, everything will be ready for the second summit.

Reported that the U.S. State Department expressed support for Ukraine’s decision to invite Russia to participate in the next peace summit. (Compiled by He Yingjun)

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On May 14, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin held a regular press conference.

A reporter asked, China has just released the news that Russian President Vladimir Putin will pay a state visit to China. Can the spokesperson introduce in detail the relevant arrangements for this visit and what expectations does China have for President Putin’s visit?

Wang Wenbin introduced that at the invitation of President Xi Jinping, Russian President Vladimir Putin will pay his first state visit to China since starting his new term from May 16 to 17. During the visit, President Xi Jinping will exchange views with President Putin on bilateral relations and cooperation in various fields and international and regional issues of common concern in the context of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia. We will release the details of this visit in a timely manner. (Reporter Zhou Jingwei)

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Damascus, July 15 (Reporter Cheng Shuapeng Jize) Syria held parliamentary elections on the 15th. Six candidates from different political parties and independent candidates competed for 250 parliamentary seats.

The election was held in areas controlled by Syrian government forces. At present, some areas in northern Syria provinces such as Idlib, Raqqa, Hasakeh, Dayr ez-Zor, and Aleppo are still controlled by Syrian opposition armed forces or extremist organizations.

The Syria Election High Judicial Council previously announced that there will be a total of 8 polling stations across Syria for this election. The voting time will be from 7:00 to 19:00 local time, which can be extended by up to 5 hours with the approval of the committee.

This is the fourth parliamentary election since Syria promulgated a new constitution in February 2012. The last election was held in July 2020, and the National Progressive Front, led by the ruling Arab Baath Socialist Party, won a majority in parliament. Public opinion here believes that the National Progressive Front is still expected to win a majority of seats in this election.

Affected by war, sanctions, epidemics, regional conflicts, etc., Syria’s economic situation and people’s livelihood conditions have continued to deteriorate in recent years. Economic and people’s livelihood issues have become the focus of attention of many candidates and voters.

According to the Syria constitution, parliament holds elections every four years.

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According to a report by Russian Satellite News Agency on May 15, the Russian Ministry of Defense said on the 15th that in the past 24 hours, Russian air defense systems shot down a Ukraine MiG-29 fighter jet, 40 drones, 12 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) missiles, 45 Haima rockets and other targets.

According to reports, the Russian Ministry of Defense stated that the air defense system shot down a MiG-29 aircraft of the Ukraine Air Force, 40 drones, 4 US-made Hamm anti-radiation missiles, 12 US-made ATACMS missiles and Dot-U missiles, 45 US-made Haima, Hurricane and Alder rockets.

The Russian Defense Ministry also said that in the past day, the Ukrainian army lost 1295 soldiers.

　　What is a Single-Sided Flexible PCB?For this reason, it can be speculated that Flex PCB manufacturer The market feedback will get better and better, which is one of the important reasons why it can develop. https://gekunflex.com/

　　A single-sided flexible PCB consists of one conductive layer, usually made of copper, and a flexible substrate. It is designed for simple, low-complexity circuits where electrical components are mounted only on one side. Single-sided flexible PCBs are highly flexible, lightweight, and cost-effective, making them ideal for applications that require a flexible connection or movement in confined spaces.

　　Typical features of single-sided flexible PCBs include:

　　One conductive layer

　　Simple design and manufacturing process

　　Reduced cost due to fewer materials

　　Excellent flexibility, allowing bending and folding without compromising function

　　Single-sided flexible PCBs are widely used in consumer electronics, medical devices, and automotive sensors, where space and weight are critical factors.

　　What is a Double-Sided Flexible PCB?

　　A double-sided flexible PCB has two conductive layers, one on each side of the flexible substrate. These layers are interconnected using vias (small plated holes), allowing more complex circuitry and higher component density than single-sided PCBs. The double-sided design offers enhanced functionality and flexibility for more advanced applications that require signal routing on both sides of the board.

　　Key features of double-sided flexible PCBs include:

　　Two conductive layers

　　More complex designs for higher functionality

　　Vias for inter-layer connectivity

　　Higher component density, supporting more complex circuits

　　Double-sided flexible PCBs are used in more sophisticated applications like industrial control systems, aerospace technology, and complex automotive electronics, where higher performance and reliability are required.

　　Single-Sided Flexible PCB

　　Key Differences Between Single-Sided and Double-Sided Flexible PCBs

　　The primary differences between single-sided and double-sided flexible PCBs are their layer structure, functionality, and applications.

　　Feature Single-Sided Flexible PCB Double-Sided Flexible PCB

　　Number of Conductive Layers One layer Two layers (one on each side)

　　Design Complexity Simple designs Supports more complex circuits

　　Manufacturing Cost Lower cost due to fewer materials Higher cost due to additional layers

　　Component Density Limited to one side Allows components on both sides

　　Applications Consumer electronics, sensors, medical Aerospace, automotive, industrial

　　Flexibility High flexibility Moderate flexibility

　　Applications in Various Industries

　　Single-sided flexible PCBs are commonly used in:

　　Consumer Electronics: Remote controls, LED lighting systems, and mobile devices, where simplicity and low cost are essential.

　　Automotive: Sensors and connectors that require lightweight and flexible designs.

　　Medical Devices: Wearable health monitors and portable medical equipment, where small, flexible circuits are needed.

　　Double-sided flexible PCBs find their place in more advanced applications, such as:

　　Aerospace: Flight control systems and avionics that require high-reliability, complex circuitry in lightweight formats.

　　Automotive: Engine control units, infotainment systems, and safety sensors.

　　Industrial Equipment: Robotics and machinery that demand multi-layer circuits with high performance and durability.

　　Choosing the Right Flexible PCB for Your Needs

　　Selecting between a single-sided or double-sided flexible PCB depends on the specific needs of your project. If your application requires a simple, low-cost solution with minimal circuitry, a single-sided flexible PCB is often sufficient. However, for more complex designs requiring higher functionality and component density, a double-sided flexible PCB is the better option.

　　Rigid-Flex Combination

　　Gekun: Your Trusted Flexible PCB Manufacturer

　　Whether you¨re looking for single-sided flexible PCBs for simple electronic applications or double-sided flexible PCBs for more advanced industrial or automotive projects, Gekun offers high-quality, reliable solutions. With our advanced manufacturing processes and commitment to innovation, we ensure that our products meet the highest standards for performance and durability. Partner with Gekun for your next project and experience the benefits of cutting-edge flexible PCB technology.

　　Understanding the differences between single-sided and double-sided flexible PCBs is essential when choosing the right solution for your application. Both types offer unique advantages and are tailored to meet the needs of various industries. As technology advances, flexible PCBs will continue to play a crucial role in the development of innovative electronics, automotive systems, and aerospace technologies.

　　For top-quality flexible PCBs, trust Gekun to deliver solutions that meet your specific needs, from design to production.