Monthly Archives: September 2024

　　Maintaining a commercial coffee roaster is essential for ensuring the quality, taste, and safety of the coffee you produce.Keeping the cleanliness of a commercial coffee roaster is crucial for preserving the superior taste and quality of your coffee beans. Routine maintenance and cleaning of your coffee roasting machine are not just beneficial for achieving uniform results; they also contribute to the longevity of the equipment. In this guide, we will take you through a comprehensive cleaning process for a commercial coffee roaster, highlighting essential elements of care that are vital for the ongoing operation and preservation of your coffee roaster equipment.It is reported that, commercial coffee roaster The data performance is getting better and better, which is of great reference value and is likely to become the vane of the industry. https://www.yoshanroaster.com/

　　

　　How do I Clean a Commercial Coffee Roaster?

　　

　　Step-by-Step Cleaning Guide

　　

　　Step 1: Safety First

　　

　　Ensure the coffee roaster machine is unplugged and cooled down to avoid burns or electrical shocks.

　　

　　Step 2: Remove Detachable Parts

　　

　　Detach any parts that can be cleaned separately, such as the chaff collector and sample roast containers.

　　

　　Step 3: Wipe Down the Exterior

　　

　　Use a damp cloth to wipe the exterior surfaces of the coffee roaster equipment. Avoid using water near electrical components.

　　

　　Step 4: Clean the Chaff Collector

　　

　　Empty and clean the chaff collector thoroughly. Use a brush to remove stubborn chaff and a damp cloth to wipe it down.

　　

　　Step 5: Interior Surfaces

　　

　　Spray the interior surfaces with a food-safe degreaser, being careful not to soak any electrical components. Let it sit for the recommended time on the product label.

　　

　　Step 6: Scrubbing

　　

　　Use a coffee roaster cleaning brush to scrub the interior surfaces, focusing on the drum or roasting chamber where residue builds up.

　　

　　Step 7: Air Out

　　

　　Allow the roaster to air out with the doors open to ensure all cleaning solutions have evaporated.

　　

　　Step 8: Use Compressed Air

　　

　　Blow out any remaining debris with compressed air, ensuring not to damage sensitive components.

　　

　　Step 9: Inspect and Replace Filters

　　

　　Check the air and smoke filters for clogging and replace them if necessary.

　　

　　Step 10: Reassemble the Coffee Roaster

　　

　　Carefully reassemble the coffee roaster machine, ensuring all parts are securely in place.

　　

　　Step 11: Post-Cleaning Test Run

　　

　　Perform a test run with a small batch of beans to ensure everything is functioning correctly and to flush out any remaining cleaning residue.

　　When thinking of sports, the most striking thing that comes to mind is sports headphones, because headphones often accompany sports-loving friends on their sports journeys. However, the product I want to introduce today is related to sports, but it is not a companion like sports headphones, but is used to record our sports trajectory. For example, we can record everything we do in the form of short videos on this day. Sports cameras are small and portable, and are used to record various life fragments. So in the mixed technology market, what kind of sports camera is suitable for athletes?pass wireless charging station As can be seen from its market performance, it has strong vitality and strong appeal. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　4K Action Camera: Let the Action Camera Accompany You

　　

　　The size of the 4k sports camera is really small, but it is the size of the palm, which is very suitable for outdoor travel and can be easily stored in pockets, backpacks, and suitcases. Ordinary sports cameras are only a few meters waterproof, but this one can reach a waterproof depth of 30 meters! ! ! The waterproof ability of sports cameras on the market is not satisfactory, and they all need special waterproof cases. But now, there is a waterproof 4k sports camera, and it is enough to go to the beach to play!

　　

　　The ability to operate in water is limited, so the operation of this diving camera is very simple, with only two buttons, and it can be easily operated even with diving gloves. The diving camera has a special fixing device, which you can fix on the diving mask. The fixing device is universal and suitable for all current diving masks. Although it has super waterproof ability, it does not affect the shooting performance at all! Up to 4K resolution video, any shot is a master work.

　　

　　4K Action Camera: Let the Action Camera Accompany You

　　

　　When you come back from diving, you can use your mobile phone or computer to watch the playback. At the same time, the diving data will be displayed in the video at the same time, that is, you can know in detail what depth you are at and what you have shot. In the camera settings, you can set parameters such as shooting mode, resolution, white balance, brightness, saturation, metering method, time-lapse shooting, watermark, video encoding, etc. In the system settings, you can view memory card information, set firmware, etc.

　　

　　4K Action Camera: Let the Action Camera Accompany You

　　

　　As a civilian-level sports camera, the 4K action camera produced by XTW is excellent in both appearance design and function. Especially in the actual picture shooting effect, it can also meet the simple needs of the public, and the small and cute appearance design of the whole color agent is even more attractive. Especially for people who do morning exercises and walks, using a 4K sports camera can meet daily life and travel needs.

　　With the rapid development of modern technology, the connection between sport action cameras and smartphones has become increasingly important. As a device designed specifically for recording sports scenes, action cameras are capable of taking high-quality photos and videos. Smartphones, on the other hand, have become an indispensable tool in daily life due to their powerful computing power and wide application support. This article will explore the various advantages and application scenarios of connecting action cameras to mobile phones, and provide some practical connection tips to help users get the best performance of these two devices.In the long run, wireless charging station The value will be higher and higher, and there will be a great leap in essence. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　Sport Action Camera and Mobile Phone Connection

　　

　　First, the connection between sport action cameras and mobile phones can greatly enhance the user’s operating experience. By connecting to a mobile phone, action cameras can be remotely controlled more efficiently. For example, users can adjust the settings of action cameras, shoot, record, or change shooting modes through applications on their mobile phones. This remote control function is particularly useful when shooting dynamic sports scenes, because it allows users to complete operations without directly touching the camera, avoiding shooting errors caused by inconvenient operation.

　　

　　Sport Action Camera and Mobile Phone Connection

　　

　　Secondly, the connection between sport action cameras and mobile phones also helps to view the shooting content in real time. Many modern action cameras support pairing with mobile phones via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, and users can view the camera’s footage in real time on the mobile phone screen. This not only makes it convenient for users to confirm the shooting angle and composition, but also allows them to make instant adjustments during shooting to ensure that the final image or video achieves the best effect.

　　

　　In addition, the connection between action cameras and mobile phones makes sharing and editing more convenient. After shooting, users can easily transfer photos and videos from the camera to the phone through mobile phone applications. Modern applications provide a variety of editing tools, allowing users to quickly edit, adjust and add effects on the phone, and then share the edited content directly to social media platforms. This convenient operation process greatly shortens the time from shooting to sharing, allowing users to instantly show their wonderful moments.

　　

　　The connection between outdoor action cameras and mobile phones also brings convenience in data management. Many action camera applications allow users to view and organize captured files on their phones, create albums and tags, which helps users easily manage large numbers of photos and videos. In addition, some applications also provide cloud storage functions, allowing users to back up important shooting files to the cloud to avoid data loss caused by device loss or damage.

　　

　　Sport Action Camera and Mobile Phone Connection

　　

　　In order to achieve the best connection effect, users need to ensure that the pairing process between the action camera and the mobile phone is smooth. First, confirm that the batteries of both devices are sufficient to avoid low power during operation. Next, make sure that the applications of the mobile phone and outdoor action camera have been updated to the latest version for the best compatibility and function support. Generally speaking, pairing via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth is the most common method, and users can refer to the device’s instruction manual to complete the pairing process.

　　

　　In short, the connection between the action video camera and the mobile phone not only improves the convenience of shooting operations, but also enhances the efficiency of post-editing and sharing. Through this connection, users can better control the shooting process, view the shooting content in real time, and quickly edit and share. With the continuous advancement of technology, the connection between action video camera and mobile phones in the future will bring more innovative functions and usage scenarios, further enriching the user’s shooting experience. Therefore, understanding and mastering these connection skills will help users give full play to the potential of action cameras and mobile phones, and record and share more wonderful moments.

　　When it comes to sourcing watch bands for your business, it’s crucial to partner with a reliable and capable watch band manufacturer. With the increasing demand for high-quality watch straps, finding the right manufacturer can be a daunting task. To ensure that you are making the right choice, it’s important to evaluate a watch band manufacturer’s capabilities thoroughly. In this article, we will discuss the key factors to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturers, including their experience in watch strap manufacturing, wholesale watch straps offerings, and overall capabilities.This is due to sports video camera Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　Experience in Watch Strap Manufacturing

　　

　　One of the most important factors to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturer is their experience in watch strap manufacturing. A manufacturer with a proven track record in producing high-quality watch bands is more likely to meet your expectations and requirements. Look for a manufacturer that has a solid reputation in the industry and has been in the business for a significant amount of time. Additionally, inquire about the types of materials they use, their production processes, and their quality control measures. A manufacturer with extensive experience and expertise in watch strap manufacturing is more likely to deliver superior products that meet your standards.

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　Wholesale Watch Straps Offerings

　　

　　Another crucial aspect to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturer is their wholesale watch straps offerings. As a business owner, you need a manufacturer that can provide you with a wide range of watch straps to cater to different preferences and styles. Whether you are looking for leather, metal, nylon, or silicone watch bands, it’s important to partner with a manufacturer that can offer diverse options to meet the needs of your customers. Additionally, inquire about their customization capabilities if you require bespoke watch straps for your brand. A manufacturer with a comprehensive wholesale watch straps catalog and customization options can provide you with the flexibility and variety you need to stay competitive in the market.

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　Overall Capabilities

　　

　　In addition to experience and product offerings, it’s essential to assess a watch band manufacturer’s overall capabilities. This includes their production capacity, lead times, quality assurance processes, and customer service. A manufacturer with efficient production capabilities and short lead times can ensure that you have a steady and reliable supply of watch straps to meet consumer demand. Furthermore, a robust quality assurance process is crucial to guarantee that the watch bands meet your specifications and uphold your brand’s reputation for excellence. Finally, excellent customer service is vital for maintaining a smooth and collaborative partnership with the manufacturer. Look for a manufacturer that is responsive, communicative, and dedicated to meeting your needs as a business partner.

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　In conclusion, evaluating a watch band manufacturer’s capabilities is a critical step in establishing a successful partnership. By considering their experience in watch strap manufacturing, wholesale watch straps offerings, and overall capabilities, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your business goals. Partnering with a reputable and capable watch band manufacturer can provide you with the high-quality products and support you need to thrive in the competitive watch industry.

　　In a world where convenience is key, combining essential features into a single product can make life easier. One such innovation is the XTW night light charging station, which merges the practicality of a fast charger with the added benefit of a soft, ambient night light. But why should you choose a night light fast charger over a traditional charging solution? Let¨s explore the key reasons.Now, everyone is right sport cam video Are more concerned, hoping to get more benefits from it. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　1. Dual Functionality

　　

　　The most obvious benefit of a night light fast charger is its dual purpose. Not only can it charge your devices quickly, but it also provides a soothing light that¨s perfect for nighttime use. Whether you¨re placing it by your bedside, in a hallway, or in a child¨s room, the soft glow from the night light adds comfort and safety without being too bright or disruptive.

　　

　　Why Choose a Night Light Fast Charger?

　　

　　2. Space-Saving Design

　　

　　The XTW night light charging station eliminates the need for separate devices cluttering your space. With a compact, all-in-one design, you no longer need a separate night light and charging station. This is especially ideal for minimalists or those who want to maintain a tidy, organized space.

　　

　　Why Choose a Night Light Fast Charger?

　　

　　3. Fast Charging Capabilities

　　

　　Charging speed is a critical factor when choosing a charger. A night light fast charger ensures your devices are powered up quickly, so you¨re never left waiting. Whether you need to charge your phone, tablet, or other electronics, a fast charger provides the power boost you need without delays.

　　

　　Why Choose a Night Light Fast Charger?

　　4. Ideal for Wholesalers

　　

　　For businesses looking to offer convenient, multi-functional products, night light fast charger wholesalers are a great resource. By purchasing from reputable wholesalers, you can ensure access to high-quality products that meet customer demands. The growing popularity of dual-function products like the XTW night light charging station makes it a smart choice for retail or e-commerce businesses looking to expand their offerings.

　　

　　Why Choose a Night Light Fast Charger?

　　

　　5. Energy Efficiency

　　

　　Many night light charging stations are designed to be energy-efficient. The soft LED light consumes minimal power, making it an eco-friendly option for homes and businesses. Additionally, the fast charging feature optimizes power usage, ensuring your devices charge efficiently without wasting energy.

　　

　　6. Perfect for All Ages

　　

　　Whether it¨s used in a nursery to provide a gentle glow during nighttime feedings or in a bedroom to create a calming ambiance, a night light fast charger is suitable for people of all ages. It¨s especially convenient for those who need to charge devices overnight while maintaining a subtle light in the room.

　　

　　A night light fast charger is an excellent addition to any home, providing both fast charging and ambient lighting in one sleek device. For those interested in purchasing these chargers in bulk, night light fast charger wholesalers offer competitive prices and reliable products. The XTW night light charging station is a standout option, offering convenience, energy efficiency, and a modern design that suits any space.With a night light charging station, you can enhance your nighttime routine while ensuring your devices are always ready to go. Choose innovation, choose convenience, and choose the perfect blend of light and power with this multifunctional device.

　　The most basic usage of GPRS DTU is: put a SIM card with GPRS function in DTU, after DTU is powered on, first register to GPRS network, and then establish connection with data processing center through GPRS network. After the GPRS DTU is powered on, first read the working parameters saved in the internal FLASH (including GPRS dialing parameters, serial baud rate, IP address of data center, etc., which have been configured in advance).If we can practice these points, Wireless Module Will be unique, become a leader in the industry, and keep moving forward. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　GPRS DTU logs into GSM network, and then dials GPRS PPP. After successful dialing, GPRS DTU will get an internal IP address randomly assigned by Mobile. That is to say, GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet, and its intranet IP address is usually not fixed and changes with each dial. We can understand that GPRS DTU is a mobile device in the internal LAN, and it communicates with the external Internet public network through the mobile gateway. This is similar to the way that computers in a local area network access external networks through gateways.

　　

　　GPRS DTU actively initiates communication connection with data center, and keeps communication connection always existing. Because GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet and the IP address is not fixed. Therefore, only GPRS DTU can actively connect to the data center, but not the data center. This requires the data center to have a fixed public IP address or a fixed domain name. The public IP address or fixed domain name of the data center is stored as a parameter in the GPRS DTU, so that once the GPRS DTU is powered on and dialed successfully, it can actively connect to the data center.

　　

　　Specifically, GPRS DTU sends TCP or UDP communication requests to the data center through the IP address and port number of the data center. After receiving the response from the center, GPRS DTU thinks that the handshake with the center is successful, and then keeps this communication connection. If the communication connection is interrupted, GPRS DTU will immediately shake hands with the center again.

　　

　　Since the TCP/UDP communication connection has been established, two-way data communication can be carried out.

　　

　　For DTU, as long as the two-way communication with the data center is established, it is relatively simple to complete the conversion between user serial data and GPRS network data packets. Once receiving the user’s serial data, DTU immediately encapsulates the serial data in a TCP/UDP packet and sends it to the data center. Conversely, when DTU receives the TCP/UDP packet from the data center, it takes out the data content and immediately sends it to the user equipment through the serial port.

　　

　　Through the wired data acquisition center, it communicates with many GPRS DTU in two directions at the same time. This is the most commonly used way in GPRS DTU application system at present.

　　The most basic usage of GPRS DTU is: put a SIM card with GPRS function in DTU, after DTU is powered on, first register to GPRS network, and then establish connection with data processing center through GPRS network. After the GPRS DTU is powered on, first read the working parameters saved in the internal FLASH (including GPRS dialing parameters, serial baud rate, IP address of data center, etc., which have been configured in advance).This is due to Wireless Module Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　GPRS DTU logs into GSM network, and then dials GPRS PPP. After successful dialing, GPRS DTU will get an internal IP address randomly assigned by Mobile. That is to say, GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet, and its intranet IP address is usually not fixed and changes with each dial. We can understand that GPRS DTU is a mobile device in the internal LAN, and it communicates with the external Internet public network through the mobile gateway. This is similar to the way that computers in a local area network access external networks through gateways.

　　

　　GPRS DTU actively initiates communication connection with data center, and keeps communication connection always existing. Because GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet and the IP address is not fixed. Therefore, only GPRS DTU can actively connect to the data center, but not the data center. This requires the data center to have a fixed public IP address or a fixed domain name. The public IP address or fixed domain name of the data center is stored as a parameter in the GPRS DTU, so that once the GPRS DTU is powered on and dialed successfully, it can actively connect to the data center.

　　

　　Specifically, GPRS DTU sends TCP or UDP communication requests to the data center through the IP address and port number of the data center. After receiving the response from the center, GPRS DTU thinks that the handshake with the center is successful, and then keeps this communication connection. If the communication connection is interrupted, GPRS DTU will immediately shake hands with the center again.

　　

　　Since the TCP/UDP communication connection has been established, two-way data communication can be carried out.

　　

　　For DTU, as long as the two-way communication with the data center is established, it is relatively simple to complete the conversion between user serial data and GPRS network data packets. Once receiving the user’s serial data, DTU immediately encapsulates the serial data in a TCP/UDP packet and sends it to the data center. Conversely, when DTU receives the TCP/UDP packet from the data center, it takes out the data content and immediately sends it to the user equipment through the serial port.

　　

　　Through the wired data acquisition center, it communicates with many GPRS DTU in two directions at the same time. This is the most commonly used way in GPRS DTU application system at present.

　　The JZX811A/B ad hoc network module of Techno Core adopts LoRa spread spectrum technology, and its working frequency is integrated with 433MHZ and 490MHZ. Simply setting the channel can complete the conversion of working frequency, which greatly meets the requirements of various application environments and improves the anti-interference ability of the communication system.According to related reports, RF Module To a large extent, it leads the changes of market conditions. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　Ad hoc network is a planar peer-to-peer mesh network, and each node in the network can be used as a routing node and a target node. The communication module adopts the company’s self-organizing network protocol, making full use of the redundant routing in the network, and each node has multiple backup paths besides the main path; The network has good self-healing. When the access link between a node and the center fails, the center can automatically start the path repair function of the node.

　　

　　The JZX811 networking network is composed of a coordinator JZX811B(Coordinator) and several nodes JZX811A(Router), and its system structure is shown in the following figure:

　　

　　Technical indicators of JZX811A/B module of Techno Core:

　　

　　1. modulation mode: LoRa;

　　

　　2. Working frequency: 433 MHz/490 MHz;

　　

　　3. Transmitting power: 50mW (17dB);

　　

　　4. Receiving sensitivity:-139 DBM;

　　

　　5. Emission current: 150mA;

　　

　　6. Receiving current: 15mA;

　　

　　7. Dormant current: JZX811A6uA; JZX811B has no dormancy;

　　

　　8. Channel rate: 200/300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 bit/s;

　　

　　9. Serial port speed: 1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 bit/s;

　　

　　10. Interface type: TTL, RS232, RS485;

　　

　　11. Interface data format: 8E1/8N1/8O1 can be customized by users;

　　

　　12. Working power supply: DC 3.3~5.5V;

　　

　　13. Working temperature:-20≧ ~ 75≧;

　　

　　14. Working humidity: 10% ~ 90% relative humidity, no condensation;

　　

　　15. Maximum number of bytes per packet: 230 bytes;

　　

　　16. Maximum routing level: level 5.

　　1. Wireless networkingFor these reasons, I think Wireless Module The situation is still optimistic, and the market is still in a blue ocean stage. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　Networking requirements: networking in a wireless way in a local area network to realize resource sharing among devices.

　　

　　Networking mode: wireless access points are placed in the center of local area network, and wireless network cards are installed on internet devices.

　　

　　2. Mesh connection

　　

　　Wireless mesh network is a pure wireless network system, and the APS in the network can be directly connected with each other through wireless channels.

　　

　　3. Regional-oriented mobile Internet service

　　

　　Networking requirements: provide mobile Internet service for mobile devices in this area in a large range.

　　

　　Networking mode: base stations are selected in the area, and wireless access points are placed at each base station to form multiple overlapping cells to cover the area to be networked. If the wireless ad hoc network module is installed on the mobile device, you can enjoy the mobile networking service within this range.

　　

　　4. Point to point connection

　　

　　 Wireless connection between single computer and computer network

　　

　　Networking requirements: realize wireless connection between remote computers and computer network center.

　　

　　Networking mode: install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the computer network center, and install a wireless network card external directional antenna on a single machine opposite to the network center.

　　

　　 Wireless connection between computer networks

　　

　　Networking requirements: realize wireless connection between remote computer network and computer network center.

　　

　　Networking mode: install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the computer network center, and install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the remote computer network opposite to the network center.

　　

　　5. Point to multipoint connection

　　

　　 Multi-point connection with different frequencies

　　

　　Networking requirements: There are three wired networks: A, B and C. A is the central network, and it is necessary to realize the wireless connection between A network and B network and C network respectively.

　　

　　Networking mode: a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed in network A, and a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed in network B opposite to network A; Another wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the A network, and another wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the C network, which is opposite to the second directional antenna of the A network.

　　

　　 Co-frequency multi-point connection

　　

　　Networking requirements: There are four wired networks: A, B, C and D. A is the central network, and it is necessary to realize the wireless connection between A network and B network, C network and D network respectively.

　　

　　Networking mode: A wireless bridge external omni-directional antenna is installed on the A network, and a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the B network, the C network and the D network respectively, which is opposite to the A network, and the A network is connected with the B, C and D networks at the same frequency.

　　

　　6. Relay connection

　　

　　 Connection across obstacles

　　

　　Networking requirements: wireless networking should be realized between the two networks, but there are obstacles between the geographical locations of the two networks, and there is no visible path required for microwave transmission.

　　

　　Networking mode: By establishing a relay center, find a location where two networks can be seen at the same time and set up a relay point, so that the two networks can establish a connection through relay.

　　

　　 Long distance connection

　　

　　Networking requirements: wireless networking should be realized between two networks, but the distance between the two networks exceeds the maximum communication distance that can be achieved by point-to-point connection.

　　

　　Networking mode: establish a relay point between two networks, so that the two networks can establish a connection through relay.

　　

　　Wireless mesh network can form a broadband wireless communication network covering the city, provide wireless VOIP and mobile broadband multimedia communication services, and also provide metropolitan broadband wireless mobile access services for users in certain industries.

　　1. List of questions and alliance answers for operators to deploy NB-IoTThis is due to Wireless Module Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　How is the network architecture of NB-IoT composed?

　　

　　Building vertical industry application of Internet of Things based on NB-IoT technology will tend to be simpler and the division of labor will be clearer.

　　

　　How do domestic and foreign operators divide the frequency bands of NB-IoT?

　　

　　Most operators in the world use the 900MHz frequency band to deploy NB-IoT, and some operators deploy it in the 800MHz frequency band. China Unicom’s NB-IoT is deployed in 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands, and only 900MHz can be tested at present. In order to build the NB-IoT Internet of Things, China Mobile will obtain the FDD license and allow the existing 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands to be re-cultivated. China Telecom’s NB-IoT is deployed in the 800MHz band, with a frequency of only 5MHz.

　　

　　NB-IoT network deployment schedule?

　　

　　In 2016, China Unicom launched NB-IoT field-scale networking tests based on 900MHz and 1800MHz in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan), as well as more than six business application demonstrations. In 2018, the commercial deployment of NB-IoT will be fully promoted nationwide. China Mobile plans to start the commercialization of NB-IoT in 2017. China Telecom plans to deploy NB-IoT network in the first half of 2017. Huawei and six operators (China Unicom, China Mobile, Vodafone, Emirates Telecom, Telefonica and Italia Telecom) set up six NB-IoT open laboratories around the world, focusing on NB-IoT business innovation, industry development, interoperability testing and product compatibility verification. ZTE and China Mobile completed the technical verification demonstration of NB-IoT protocol in the laboratory of China Mobile’s 5G Joint Innovation Center.

　　

　　Can non-operators deploy NB-IoT networks?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT need real-name registration system?

　　

　　All needs, tracked to the responsible subject.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT all adopt eSIM?

　　

　　The product features of NB-IoT are that it can work without installation and configuration, and it can be directly connected to the network by booting, and it supports functions such as automatic equipment registration and air upgrade. SIM card and eSIM will coexist for a long time, and operators refuse the soft SIM mode.

　　

　　What is the operator’s plan to quit the 2G/3G network?

　　

　　China Unicom may gradually close its 2G network in 2018, and in some places it may close its 3G network. Japan’s mobile operators have all shut down 2G networks, and AT&T in the United States, Telstra and Optus in Australia have announced plans to shut down 2G networks. Telenor plans to close its 3G network in Norway in 2020, followed by its 2G network in 2025. Some operators consider that there are more than 100 million GPRS IOT terminals and low-end GSM mobile phones for a long time, and the cost of GSM is lower than that of LTE for a long time because of its low complexity and no patent fees. Therefore, most operators will maintain the GSM frequency band to continue their operations for a long time.

　　

　　Do operators support NB-IoT roaming?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　How can operators ensure the stability of NB-IoT network?

　　

　　NB-IoT is directly deployed in GSM, UMTS or LTE networks, which can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrade. However, the use of a separate 180KHz frequency band does not occupy the voice and data bandwidth of existing networks, ensuring that traditional services and future Internet of Things services can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time.

　　

　　The control and bearer of NB-IoT are separated, with signaling on the control plane and data on the bearer plane. If it is a low-rate service, it goes directly to the control plane, and no dedicated bearer is established, which omits the signaling process of establishing a link between NAS and the core network and shortens the wake-up recovery delay. NB-IoT is an operational telecommunications network. This is the key to distinguish NB-IoT from GPRS, LoRa, SigFox and other technologies.

　　

　　How can operators make use of NB-IoT network to make profits?

　　

　　Operators’ existing areas such as QoS service quality assurance, network security, telecom-level billing and big data services continue to maintain their industry advantages. NB-IoT network allows operators to strengthen their business service capabilities in the field of Internet of Things, including cloud service provision, mass customer management, real-name authentication of Internet of Things, system general contracting integration, and high-end customized services for large customers.

　　

　　Price issues related to NB-IoT?

　　

　　Operator’s charges: one is based on flow and the other is based on message, and the trend will be lower than the price of GPRS cost chip: lower than the price of 2G main chip, with a reasonable expected price of $1. Module price: lower than the price of GPRS module, with a reasonable expected price of $2. Terminal price: pricing maintenance cost according to actual function: far lower than the existing network maintenance cost subsidy policy: operators will provide larger operating subsidies in the early stage.

　　

　　2. List of questions and answers about NB-IoT technology.

　　

　　Will NB-IoT standard support TDD LTE?

　　

　　At present, FDD LTE system supports NB-IoT technology, while TDD LTE system does not support NB-IoT technology. The physical layer design of NB-IoT mostly follows LTE system technology, such as SC-FDMA for uplink and OFDM for downlink. The design of high-level protocol follows LTE protocol, and its function is enhanced according to its small data packet, low power consumption and large connection characteristics. The core network is connected based on S1 interface, which supports independent deployment and upgrade deployment.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support base station positioning?

　　

　　R13 does not support base station location, but the operator network can do private solutions, such as location based on cell ID, which will not affect the terminal, and only need the network to increase the location server and contact with the base station. R14 plans to enhance positioning, supporting E-CID, UTDOA or OTDOA, and the operator’s desired positioning accuracy target is within 50 meters.

　　

　　Considering the terminal complexity, UTDOA is better, because it has little influence on the terminal, and in the case of enhanced coverage (basement 164dB), UTDOA (uplink) power consumption is lower; If coverage enhancement is not needed in most scenarios, OTDOA (downlink) will be better from the perspective of network capacity.

　　

　　What are the deployment methods of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports three different deployment modes, namely independent deployment, guard band deployment and in-band deployment. Independent deployment: A separate frequency band can be used, which is suitable for re-cultivation in GSM frequency band. Guard band deployment: The marginal useless frequency band in LTE system can be utilized. In-band deployment: Any resource block in the middle of LTE carrier can be utilized.

　　

　　What modulation and demodulation technology does NB-IoT use?

　　

　　OFDMA is used for downlink, and the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz. The uplink adopts SC-FDMA, single-tone: 3.75kHz/15kHz, and multi-tone: 15kHz. Only need to support half duplex, with a separate synchronization signal. The terminal supports the indication of Single-tone and Multi-tone capabilities. The MAC/RLC/PDCP/RRC layer processing is based on the existing LTE processes and protocols, and the physical layer is optimized.

　　

　　What are the number of connected users and active users of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has 50-100 times the uplink capacity improvement compared with 2G/3G/4G, and NB-IoT can provide 50-100 times the access number compared with the existing wireless technology under the same base station. Under the frequency of 200KHz, according to the simulation test data, a single base station cell can support 50,000 NB-IoT terminals to access.

　　

　　What is the coverage of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has a gain of 20dB higher than that of LTE and GPRS base stations, and it is expected to cover underground garages, basements, underground pipelines and other places where signals are difficult to reach. According to the simulation test data, in the independent deployment mode, the coverage capacity of NB-IoT can reach 164dB, and the in-band deployment and guard band deployment need to be simulated and tested.

　　

　　What is the uplink and downlink transmission rate of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT RF bandwidth is 200kHz. Downlink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250kbps. Uplink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250 kbps (multi-tone)/200 kbps (single-tone).

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support retransmission mechanism?

　　

　　NB-IoT adopts retransmission (up to 200 times) and low-order modulation to enhance coverage.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support voice?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports Push to Talk without coverage enhancement. In the scenario of enhanced coverage of 20dB, only similar voicemails can be supported. NB-IoT does not support VoLTE, which requires too high delay, and the high-level protocol stack needs QoS guarantee, which will increase the cost.

　　

　　Why does the chip of NB-IoT consume low power?

　　

　　The energy consumed by a device is related to the amount or rate of data, and the size of data packets sent per unit time determines the size of power consumption. NB-IoT introduces eDRX power saving technology and PSM power saving mode, which further reduces power consumption and prolongs battery life. NB-IoT can keep devices online all the time, but it can save power by reducing unnecessary signaling and not accepting paging information when in PSM state.

　　

　　In PSM mode, the terminal is still registered in the network, but the signaling is unreachable, which makes the terminal stay in deep sleep for a longer time to save electricity. EDRX power saving technology further prolongs the sleep period of the terminal in idle mode, reduces unnecessary startup of the receiving unit, and greatly improves the downlink accessibility compared with PSM.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT sleep wake-up mode affect battery life?

　　

　　At present, the working time given by NB-IoT is based on simulation data, without considering the battery itself and environmental factors, such as self-discharge and aging of the battery, high and low temperature environmental impact, etc. In actual use, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the power supply time of the battery according to the actual situation. NB-IoT adopts the power-saving scheme of sleep wake-up. When the battery is awakened during sleep, it will receive instantaneous strong current, which will greatly affect the battery life. The application of meter reading usually adopts lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery and super capacitor. Consumer electronics and others should be powered by li-polymer.

　　

　　Why are NB-IoT chips cheap?

　　

　　Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth bring low cost advantages. Low speed: it means that no large cache is needed, so the cache can be small and the DSP configuration is low; Low power consumption: it means that RF design requirements are low, and small PA can be realized; Low bandwidth: It means that there is no need for complicated equalization algorithm … These factors make the NB-IoT chip small, so the cost will be reduced.

　　

　　Taking a certain chip as an example, NB-IoT chip integrates BB, AP, Flash and battery management, and reserves the function of sensor set. The AP includes three ARM-M0 cores, and each M0 core is responsible for the application, security and communication functions respectively, which facilitates the function management and reduces the cost and power consumption.

　　

　　What is the range of NB-IoT to the device movement rate?

　　

　　NB-IoT is suitable for application scenarios with weak mobility support (such as intelligent meter reading, intelligent parking, etc.), while simplifying the complexity of the terminal and reducing the power consumption of the terminal. NB-IoT does not support mobility management in connected state, including related measurement, measurement report, handover, etc.

　　

　　What is the network delay of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT allows a delay of about 10s, but it can support a lower delay, such as about 6s, in the environment of maximum coupling loss.

　　

　　3. Deployment of NB-IoT technology in various vertical application fields of the Internet of Things.

　　

　　What is the deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application?

　　

　　The deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application field includes hardware cost, network cost, installation cost and service cost. If we want to realize the scale of application field, we must reduce the deployment cost.

　　

　　What is the focus of NB-IoT in vertical application field?

　　

　　NB-IoT technology can meet the requirements of low-rate services with low power consumption, long standby, deep coverage and large capacity, and is more suitable for static services, low sensitivity to time delay, discontinuous movement and real-time data transmission. 1. Autonomous anomaly reporting business types: such as smoke alarm detectors, abnormal equipment operation, etc. The uplink data volume is extremely small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in years and months. 2. Business types of autonomous periodic reporting: such as remote meter reading of public utilities and environmental monitoring, etc. The uplink data volume is small (on the order of 100 bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 3. Service type of remote control instruction:

　　

　　For example, if the equipment is turned on/off remotely, and the equipment triggers to send an uplink report, the downlink data amount is very small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 4. Software remote update service type: such as software patch/update, and the uplink and downlink need a large amount of data (kilobyte level), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours.