Monthly Archives: February 2025

모모What is FR-4?After that, RF PCB Not afraid of the future, dare to fight and fight, and won applause again and again in the market. https://www.wellcircuits.com/

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모모FR-4 is a grade for flame-retardant fiberglass reinforced epoxy material. Therefore, FR-4 PCBs offer a higher level of heat resistance compared to standard PCBs. The FR-4 board is classified into three categories based on the number of copper trace layers:

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모모Single-layer PCB

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모모Two-layer PCB

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모모Multilayer PCB

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모모High TG PCB Specifications

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모모The 몷Tg몸 refers to the glass transition temperature of the PCB. It indicates the temperature at which the material begins to transition from a solid state to a liquid state (learn more about Tg). If the operating temperature exceeds the specified Tg value, the circuit board can lose its structural integrity, which may negatively affect its functionality.

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모모Standard PCBs typically have a Tg value of 130뫢C C 140뫢C, while high-Tg PCBs range from 170뫢C to 180뫢C.

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모모Typical Application Areas

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모모Multilayer boards

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모모Industrial electronics

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모모Automobile electronics

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모모High-temperature electronic components

모모What is FR-4?It is reported that, PCB meaning The data performance is getting better and better, which is of great reference value and is likely to become the vane of the industry. https://www.wellcircuits.com/

모모

모모FR-4 is a grade for flame-retardant fiberglass reinforced epoxy material. Therefore, FR-4 PCBs offer a higher level of heat resistance compared to standard PCBs. The FR-4 board is classified into three categories based on the number of copper trace layers:

모모

모모Single-layer PCB

모모

모모Two-layer PCB

모모

모모Multilayer PCB

모모

모모High TG PCB Specifications

모모

모모The 몷Tg몸 refers to the glass transition temperature of the PCB. It indicates the temperature at which the material begins to transition from a solid state to a liquid state (learn more about Tg). If the operating temperature exceeds the specified Tg value, the circuit board can lose its structural integrity, which may negatively affect its functionality.

모모

모모Standard PCBs typically have a Tg value of 130뫢C C 140뫢C, while high-Tg PCBs range from 170뫢C to 180뫢C.

모모

모모Typical Application Areas

모모

모모Multilayer boards

모모

모모Industrial electronics

모모

모모Automobile electronics

모모

모모High-temperature electronic components

　　The typical depth of the V-cut is 3/4 of the board¨s thickness. If you plan to use V-cuts, we recommend maintaining a safe distance from the V-cut line to any traces. Please consider this when designing your panels.know RF PCB Our growth has to go through many hardships, but entrepreneurs are never afraid and boldly move forward. https://www.wellcircuits.com/

　　V-cut example 1

　　V-cut Example 1

　　V-cut example 2

　　V-cut Example 2

　　V-cut example 3

　　V-cut Example 3

　　V-Cut Machine

　　Among all metal core PCBs, aluminum PCBs are the most common type. The base material consists of an aluminum core with standard FR4. It features a thermal clad layer that dissipates heat efficiently, cooling components and enhancing the overall performance of the products. Currently, aluminum-backed PCBs are considered the solution for high-power and tight tolerance applications.The industry believes that, FLEX PCB The development of our company marks the rapid and steady progress of the whole industry. https://www.wellcircuits.com/

　　aluminum PCB

　　Advantages of Aluminum PCB

　　Environmentally Friendly: Aluminum is non-toxic and recyclable. Manufacturing with aluminum also conserves energy due to its ease of assembly. For PCB suppliers, using this metal helps maintain the health of our planet.

　　Heat Dissipation: High temperatures can severely damage electronics, so using a material that can dissipate heat is essential. Aluminum transfers heat away from vital components, minimizing potential damage to the circuit board.

　　Higher Durability: Aluminum provides greater strength and durability than ceramic or fiberglass bases. It reduces the risk of breakage during manufacturing, handling, and everyday use.

　　Lightweight: Despite its strength, aluminum is a surprisingly lightweight metal. It adds durability and resilience without increasing the weight of the product.

　　Applications of Aluminum PCB

　　Audio Devices: Input/output amplifiers, balanced amplifiers, audio amplifiers, pre-amplifiers, and power amplifiers.

　　Power Supply: Switching regulators, DC/AC converters, and SW regulators.

　　Communication Electronics: High-frequency amplifiers, filtering appliances, and transmitter circuits.

　　Office Automation Equipment: Motor drives, etc.

　　Automobile: Electronic regulators, ignition systems, power supply controllers, etc.

　　Computers: CPU boards, floppy disk drives, power supply devices, etc.

　　Power Modules: Inverters, solid-state relays, rectifier bridges.

　　Lamps and Lighting: With the growing promotion of energy-saving lamps, various energy-efficient LED lights are well-received in the market, and aluminum PCBs are increasingly used in LED lighting applications.

　　aluminum PCB application

　　If you have any questions regarding PCB and PCBA, please feel free to contact me at

　　01Actually, it’s not just this reason, rv air conditioner Its own advantages are also obvious, and it is normal for the market to perform well. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/rv-air-conditioner/

　　If you leave home for a day …

　　Kureczka said: “If you just leave home for one day, it is more energy-saving to turn on the air conditioner, but you should raise the temperature by several degrees instead of keeping the comfortable temperature set at home.”

　　If the house is unoccupied for only a day or two, the same direction applies.

　　It’s not necessarily a bad thing to turn off the air conditioner during the day. Either way, the speed of the air conditioner is the same-it just takes longer to cool the hot space. In fact, if you drive at normal temperature all day, you may consume more energy than if you turn it off and have a meeting at night.

　　Air conditioning is not only to cool the space, but also to greatly reduce the humidity level. When the air conditioner is turned off for more than a few hours, the humidity level begins to rise, which may easily lead to mold growth, damage to electronic products, and warping and deformation of wood products. In addition, pets left at home may also be at risk of overheating and discomfort, which may occur especially in hot and humid climate.

　　This is why it is suggested to turn on the air conditioner, but turn up the temperature. The U.S. Department of Energy pointed out that higher indoor temperature will actually slow down the flow of heat into the house, thus saving energy and money.

　　When you get home, don’t turn the air conditioner down too low to “speed up” the cooling process, so that the room won’t get cold faster, and it will only increase energy consumption (cost money).

　　02

　　If you leave home for more than two days …

　　If the whole family (including pets) has been away from home for more than two days, the equipment can be turned off. Kureczka said, “Turn off the air conditioner, and you can save a lot of energy and bills.”

　　This means that when you come back, the temperature inside the room may not be very good and you will feel stuffy. Kureczka suggested, “Installing an intelligent thermostat is a good way to monitor and control the energy efficiency of your home, even if you are not at home-you can turn up the temperature before you leave and then turn it down on your way home.”

　　She also suggested that if you go out for more than a few hours, please close the curtains, which can effectively block the sun, so that the air conditioning unit does not have to work so hard. Especially in areas with extreme temperatures, this will make a huge difference.

　　03

　　At home …

　　The US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency suggest that the thermostat should be set to 26≧ or higher during the day, 28≧ when sleeping and 29≧ when going out.

　　Think this setting temperature is too high? When the temperature is reduced to 26≧, compared with 22≧, it can save 25% of the electricity bill.

　　Kureczka said: “It varies from person to person to adjust the temperature as high as possible while maintaining comfort. Generally speaking, increasing the temperature by 1 C will help reduce the cooling cost by 5%. “

　　If it is acceptable to adjust the temperature higher than you are used to, then other measures may also make you feel comfortable, such as using ceiling fans. But the ceiling fan will not change the temperature, so remember to turn off the electric fan when you leave the room. Otherwise, you have to pay unnecessary electricity bills.

　　Finally, try to ensure that the house is insulated, so that cold air will not escape and hot air will not sneak in.

　　It’s getting hot, and it’s time to turn on the air conditioner. But can you really use air conditioning? Is it only cooling in summer and heating in winter? Air-conditioning remote controllers are generally equipped with a variety of use modes, and different modes have different use effects. Let’s take a look at it.For the immediate pressure, solar powered hvac With its own coping style, it can break the predicament and usher in a new life through the quality of the product itself. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/solar-air-conditioner/

　　Cool feeling mode

　　Applicable people: afraid of heat and cold.

　　Blowing the air conditioner in summer is cool, because the room temperature is lowered, and because the cold air blown by the air conditioner blows on the body, it plays the role of an electric fan.

　　The principle of the “cool feeling” function is simple: control the angle and speed of the air outlet to prevent the air conditioner from blowing at people-the traditional way is to adjust the angle of the air deflector and the speed of the fan, and the new air conditioner is even equipped with an infrared probe to prevent the wind from blowing directly at people, which is very friendly to people who are afraid of cold stars.

　　Air supply mode

　　Applicable scenario: when it is not too hot

　　Air conditioning is a combination of “cooling/heating+fan”, and the “air supply” function is to turn on the fan instead of starting the compressor, electric heating wire and other temperature-related components of the air conditioning.

　　If you want to improve the air quality, breathe and smell, you need air conditioning with fresh air system.

　　Eco mode

　　Applicable scene: before going to sleep

　　”eco”, the abbreviation of economic, is also called “energy saving” mode.

　　It is suggested that the air conditioner can be changed to this mode before going to bed. When you fall asleep at a comfortable room temperature, the air conditioner will change the temperature, increasing it in summer and decreasing it in winter. In short, it will reduce the power consumption until it is completely turned off, that is, the “sleep” mode.

　　Dehumidification mode

　　Applicable scene: hot and humid weather

　　Both “dehumidification” and “refrigeration” modes will produce refrigeration effect. The difference is that after the “dehumidification” mode is turned on, the air conditioner will appropriately cool the indoor air, let the water vapor condense into water, and then discharge it to the outside-reducing the indoor humidity, and people’s body temperature will be cooler. The main purpose of the “refrigeration” mode is to reduce the indoor temperature, and the water vapor in the condensed air is an incidental effect.

　　From the effect point of view, after opening the “dehumidification” mode, although the air conditioning temperature is not very low and it does not consume too much electricity, it will be more comfortable.

　　It should be noted that this function is only effective in areas with humid climate. If you live in a dry area, this function is not recommended.

　　Automatic mode

　　Applicable people: people who need indoor constant temperature and people who use company air conditioning.

　　To choose this mode, you need to set a temperature first, say 26 degrees Celsius. If the room temperature is lower than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start heating; If the room temperature is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start to cool.

　　Auxiliary heating mode

　　Applicable scene: when you just enter the house in winter and are about to be frozen.

　　There are two ways to heat by air conditioning. One is a porter who relies on heat-compressor. From the thermodynamic point of view, using compression mechanism to save heat and electricity, but the heating speed is slow, and when it is particularly cold outdoors, such as below 0 degrees Celsius, the heating efficiency will become low.

　　The other is the producer of heat-electric heating wire. “Auxiliary heating” is the option of turning on the electric heating wire, which can assist the compressor to achieve the effect of rapid heating. After the room temperature reaches the set temperature, just keep the temperature by the compression mechanism. At this time, the “auxiliary heating” function can be turned off in order to save electricity.

　　Everyone can use these functions as much as possible. After all, we spent thousands of dollars to buy an air conditioner, and if we don’t drain all its functions, we will lose money!

Actually, it’s not just this reason, cnc machining services Its own advantages are also obvious, and it is normal for the market to perform well. https://www.ultirapid.com/services/cnc-machining/

Webb Auction House, which is in charge of the auction, said that a feather of the long-extinct new Zealand gray butterfly bird (H) set a record price of 46521 new Zealand dollars (about 205874 yuan), making it the most expensive feather ever in the world.

H was last confirmed to be seen in the early 20th century, and its feathers previously sold for as much as 8400 new Zealand dollars (approximately 37173 yuan).

As a member of the wybird family, H was cherished by many and ultimately proved fatal to the species.

For Maori, the bird’s feathers are a symbol of lofty status, and its unique white feathers are used for ceremonial headdresses. Only those in the main ranks are allowed to wear H feathers on their hair, or entire skins on their ears, according to the new Zealand Museum.

The auction house said the feathers were often exchanged for other valuables or given as gifts to show friendship and respect.

European new Zealand people have also begun to regard H as a symbol of prestige. According to the museum, they use the animal’s feathers as fashion accessories and install padded H’s as decoration in wealthy homes.

The museum explained that in the 19th century, Maori and European hunters killed the bird in large numbers and sold its skin to collectors and fashion merchants.

According to reports, in 1901, the Duke and Duchess of York were photographed wearing H feathers in their hats while traveling in new Zealand, and the bird’s deadly popularity further increased.

People are a little crazy, everyone wants an H feather.

In the early 20th century, scientists tried to protect the remaining H, but failed. According to the museum, the government planned to transport the birds to offshore islands, but those who collected the birds sold them as dead specimens, adding that it was more valuable than keeping them alive.

The auction house said all potential buyers must provide a permit from the new Zealand Department of Culture and Heritage before Monday’s auction. As an important national item, feathers can only be purchased by registered collectors and cannot be exported without permission from the Ministry of Health. (Reporter Wang Yuehang)

For this reason, it can be speculated that cnc machining services The market feedback will get better and better, which is one of the important reasons why it can develop. https://www.ultirapid.com/services/cnc-machining/

Washington, July 14. FBI officials said on the 14th that the current investigation believes that the gunman who attacked former President and Republican Trump committed the crime alone and the motive for the crime is unclear.

Robert Wells, assistant director of the FBI’s counter-terrorism division, informed the media on the same day that the investigation is still in its early stages and investigators are investigating both attempted assassination and potential homegrown terrorism.

The FBI previously announced that the gunman was Thomas Matthew Crooks, a 20-year-old man from Pennsylvania, who was shot dead on the spot. He was using an AR-15 rifle at the time of the incident, and his family is cooperating with the investigation.

Current U.S. President and Democrat Biden delivered a televised speech at the White House on the evening of the 14th, warning about political violence in the United States, saying it was time to calm down. Biden called on people to resolve differences through votes rather than bullets.

Trump arrived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on the evening of the 14th and will formally accept the Republican presidential nomination at this week’s Republican National Convention. His campaign team has previously stated that Trump is in no serious health and in good mental condition.

Trump was attempted assassination at a campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania on the evening of the 13th. His right ear was injured and he was escorted away from the scene. According to the U.S. Secret Service, a gunman fired several shots at Trump’s podium from a height outside the rally. The gunman was killed by Secret Service personnel. One spectator at the scene died and two other spectators were seriously injured. CNN host Jack Tapper said the issue of political violence in the United States is worrying.

　　01Now, everyone is right commercial air conditioner units? Are more concerned, hoping to get more benefits from it. https://puremind.com/product-category/puremind-air-conditioner/commercial-air-conditioner/

　　If you leave home for a day …

　　Kureczka said: “If you just leave home for one day, it is more energy-saving to turn on the air conditioner, but you should raise the temperature by several degrees instead of keeping the comfortable temperature set at home.”

　　If the house is unoccupied for only a day or two, the same direction applies.

　　It’s not necessarily a bad thing to turn off the air conditioner during the day. Either way, the speed of the air conditioner is the same-it just takes longer to cool the hot space. In fact, if you drive at normal temperature all day, you may consume more energy than if you turn it off and have a meeting at night.

　　Air conditioning is not only to cool the space, but also to greatly reduce the humidity level. When the air conditioner is turned off for more than a few hours, the humidity level begins to rise, which may easily lead to mold growth, damage to electronic products, and warping and deformation of wood products. In addition, pets left at home may also be at risk of overheating and discomfort, which may occur especially in hot and humid climate.

　　This is why it is suggested to turn on the air conditioner, but turn up the temperature. The U.S. Department of Energy pointed out that higher indoor temperature will actually slow down the flow of heat into the house, thus saving energy and money.

　　When you get home, don’t turn the air conditioner down too low to “speed up” the cooling process, so that the room won’t get cold faster, and it will only increase energy consumption (cost money).

　　02

　　If you leave home for more than two days …

　　If the whole family (including pets) has been away from home for more than two days, the equipment can be turned off. Kureczka said, “Turn off the air conditioner, and you can save a lot of energy and bills.”

　　This means that when you come back, the temperature inside the room may not be very good and you will feel stuffy. Kureczka suggested, “Installing an intelligent thermostat is a good way to monitor and control the energy efficiency of your home, even if you are not at home-you can turn up the temperature before you leave and then turn it down on your way home.”

　　She also suggested that if you go out for more than a few hours, please close the curtains, which can effectively block the sun, so that the air conditioning unit does not have to work so hard. Especially in areas with extreme temperatures, this will make a huge difference.

　　03

　　At home …

　　The US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency suggest that the thermostat should be set to 26≧ or higher during the day, 28≧ when sleeping and 29≧ when going out.

　　Think this setting temperature is too high? When the temperature is reduced to 26≧, compared with 22≧, it can save 25% of the electricity bill.

　　Kureczka said: “It varies from person to person to adjust the temperature as high as possible while maintaining comfort. Generally speaking, increasing the temperature by 1 C will help reduce the cooling cost by 5%. “

　　If it is acceptable to adjust the temperature higher than you are used to, then other measures may also make you feel comfortable, such as using ceiling fans. But the ceiling fan will not change the temperature, so remember to turn off the electric fan when you leave the room. Otherwise, you have to pay unnecessary electricity bills.

　　Finally, try to ensure that the house is insulated, so that cold air will not escape and hot air will not sneak in.

　　It’s getting hot, and it’s time to turn on the air conditioner. But can you really use air conditioning? Is it only cooling in summer and heating in winter? Air-conditioning remote controllers are generally equipped with a variety of use modes, and different modes have different use effects. Let’s take a look at it.At the same time, Puremind Split Air Conditioners It is no longer a relatively unfamiliar industry, and it enters the public’s sight more and more frequently, gaining more attention and recognition. https://puremind.com/

　　Cool feeling mode

　　Applicable people: afraid of heat and cold.

　　Blowing the air conditioner in summer is cool, because the room temperature is lowered, and because the cold air blown by the air conditioner blows on the body, it plays the role of an electric fan.

　　The principle of the “cool feeling” function is simple: control the angle and speed of the air outlet to prevent the air conditioner from blowing at people-the traditional way is to adjust the angle of the air deflector and the speed of the fan, and the new air conditioner is even equipped with an infrared probe to prevent the wind from blowing directly at people, which is very friendly to people who are afraid of cold stars.

　　Air supply mode

　　Applicable scenario: when it is not too hot

　　Air conditioning is a combination of “cooling/heating+fan”, and the “air supply” function is to turn on the fan instead of starting the compressor, electric heating wire and other temperature-related components of the air conditioning.

　　If you want to improve the air quality, breathe and smell, you need air conditioning with fresh air system.

　　Eco mode

　　Applicable scene: before going to sleep

　　”eco”, the abbreviation of economic, is also called “energy saving” mode.

　　It is suggested that the air conditioner can be changed to this mode before going to bed. When you fall asleep at a comfortable room temperature, the air conditioner will change the temperature, increasing it in summer and decreasing it in winter. In short, it will reduce the power consumption until it is completely turned off, that is, the “sleep” mode.

　　Dehumidification mode

　　Applicable scene: hot and humid weather

　　Both “dehumidification” and “refrigeration” modes will produce refrigeration effect. The difference is that after the “dehumidification” mode is turned on, the air conditioner will appropriately cool the indoor air, let the water vapor condense into water, and then discharge it to the outside-reducing the indoor humidity, and people’s body temperature will be cooler. The main purpose of the “refrigeration” mode is to reduce the indoor temperature, and the water vapor in the condensed air is an incidental effect.

　　From the effect point of view, after opening the “dehumidification” mode, although the air conditioning temperature is not very low and it does not consume too much electricity, it will be more comfortable.

　　It should be noted that this function is only effective in areas with humid climate. If you live in a dry area, this function is not recommended.

　　Automatic mode

　　Applicable people: people who need indoor constant temperature and people who use company air conditioning.

　　To choose this mode, you need to set a temperature first, say 26 degrees Celsius. If the room temperature is lower than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start heating; If the room temperature is higher than 26 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will start to cool.

　　Auxiliary heating mode

　　Applicable scene: when you just enter the house in winter and are about to be frozen.

　　There are two ways to heat by air conditioning. One is a porter who relies on heat-compressor. From the thermodynamic point of view, using compression mechanism to save heat and electricity, but the heating speed is slow, and when it is particularly cold outdoors, such as below 0 degrees Celsius, the heating efficiency will become low.

　　The other is the producer of heat-electric heating wire. “Auxiliary heating” is the option of turning on the electric heating wire, which can assist the compressor to achieve the effect of rapid heating. After the room temperature reaches the set temperature, just keep the temperature by the compression mechanism. At this time, the “auxiliary heating” function can be turned off in order to save electricity.

　　Everyone can use these functions as much as possible. After all, we spent thousands of dollars to buy an air conditioner, and if we don’t drain all its functions, we will lose money!