Yearly Archives: 2025

모모1 IntroductionFrom the demand side, high power laser burning More in line with the psychological expectations of consumers, willing to pay for the things they like. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

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모모Laser diode pumping solid-state lasers (DPLs) have attracted great interest due to their high efficiency, high beam quality, compact structure and long life. In recent years, with the successful development of high-power diode lasers, the development of DPL and its application in military, industrial, medical, scientific research and other fields have been promoted.

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모모The heat loss of the laser diode (LD) accounts for more than 50% of the total power consumption during normal operation, and the instability of the working temperature of the laser diode caused by the heat loss will change its output wavelength, which will affect the efficient and stable output of the DPL. In addition, heat is generated during the light pumping of the laser crystal of a solid-state laser, which also needs to be cooled. With the increase of the power of the solid-state laser pumped by the laser diode, the heat load generated by the device is increasing, and the heat dissipation density is getting higher and higher, and the DPL cooling problem has become a technical difficulty in the current DPL research.

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모모In order to solve the problem of high-power DPL heat dissipation, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research work in recent years, and proposed a variety of cooling methods such as microchannel liquid convection heat exchange, solid cooling, spray cooling and micro heat pipe cooling. In this paper, the research status of these technologies is reviewed and analyzed, and on this basis, microchannel boiling heat exchange cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling technologies are proposed.

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모모2 Technical Principles

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모모There are different types of high-power solid-state lasers, such as solid-state heat-capacitance lasers, new thin-slice lasers, fiber lasers, end-face pumping lasers, etc., although the shape and heat dissipation of each laser heat dissipation device are different, but its main heat dissipation devices are the pumping source and gain medium. The cooling principle of the pumping source and gain medium can be illustrated in Figure 1. According to the theory of heat transfer, laser cooling can be expressed as follows:

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모모In the formula, the heat dissipation is the heat dissipation capacity of the heat dissipation device, the 붸 is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling working fluid in the heat sink channel, the heat exchange area of the heat sink channel, the wf is the temperature of the inner wall of the heat sink channel, and the f is the temperature of the cooling working fluid. 멊h is scattered

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모모Thermal device temperature. The purpose of laser cooling is to take away the heat dissipation of the heat dissipation device and ensure a certain temperature of the heat dissipation device.

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모모It can be seen from equation (1) that in order to improve the heat dissipation, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling working fluid in the heat sink channel should be increased as much as possible, the heat exchange area of the heat sink channel should be increased, and the temperature of the cooling working fluid should be reduced. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of the heat sink is reduced, so that the temperature of the inner wall of the heat sink channel is uniform and as close to the temperature of the heat sink device as possible.

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모모3 Research status

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모모The research status of four cooling technologies, namely microchannel liquid convection heat transfer, solid cooling, spray cooling and micro heat pipe cooling, is reviewed and analyzed.

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　　INTRODUCTIONWe have every reason to believe. rechargeable laser pointer It will become the mainstream of the industry and will gradually affect more and more people. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections

　　Since the birth of the laser in 1960, achieving high output power has been one of the eternal themes in the development of laser technology. The process of increasing laser energy is always accompanied by thermal energy, and thermal energy is useless in this process, “laser energy” and “thermal energy” are the highest and lowest quality forms of energy respectively, and the history of the development of high-power laser technology is a history of struggle with “waste heat”.

　　The first ruby laser[1″ target=_blank> that marked the birth of lasers in 1960 was a solid-state laser. Solid-state lasers usually use activated ion-doped crystals, ceramics and glass as the gain medium, and their gain medium forms include conventional bulk materials and low-dimensional materials represented by optical fibers. After the birth of solid-state lasers, on the one hand, the wavelength coverage was expanded, from the initial red light to short-wave green light, blue light, ultraviolet, deep ultraviolet development, long wavelength

　　Lasers have matured and commercialized in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, and on the other hand, the laser pulse width has been narrowed from microseconds (μs) to nanoseconds (ns), picoseconds (ps), and femtoseconds (fs), and attosecond (AS) lasers are expected to be engineered [2-3″ target=_blank>. The realization of high output power in any application scenario is the common goal of laser technology development [4-6″ target=_blank>.

　　With the increase of pump power, the thermal effect inside the gain medium is significantly enhanced, and the heat generated cannot be removed from the medium in time through heat conduction, resulting in an increase in the internal temperature and temperature gradient of the medium, and the thermal lensing effect and stress birefringence effect caused by the internal thermal distortion seriously deteriorate the beam quality and limit the further increase in power [7″ target=_blank>. In order to suppress the thermal effect, researchers have designed different types of solid-state lasers, such as heat-capacity lasers, thin-slice lasers, slat lasers, and fiber lasers [8″ target=_blank>, with the core idea of improving heat dissipation efficiency. In this paper, the working characteristics and research progress of the above solid-state lasers are briefly reviewed. In addition, based on the current theoretical and experimental research on the thermal conductivity (κ) of crystalline materials, from the perspective of improving the thermal conductivity of gain dielectric materials, the thinking and prospect of solving the thermal effect problem are proposed.

　　1 High-power lasers

　　1. 1 heat capacity laser

　　Heat-capacity lasers reduce the thermal distortion of gain materials by separating the working phase of the laser from the heat dissipation phase in time. When the heat capacity laser is working, the gain medium is in an approximately adiabatic environment, and its internal temperature gradient is small, and the resulting thermal distortion is also small. The internal accumulation of waste heat increases the temperature of the gain medium, which must be forced to cool after a period of continuous operation, depending on the thermodynamic properties of the material itself. Because the gain medium does not dissipate heat from the outside during the laser operation stage, its surface temperature is higher than that inside, and the compressive stress on the surface can greatly increase the damage threshold of the medium, and the allowable laser pumping strength is 5 times that of the surface in the state of tension. The output of a heat-capacity laser depends on the product of the gain medium and the temperature range of the laser that it can generate, so it is not only required that the gain dielectric material have a large heat capacity value, but also that the luminescence efficiency of the internally activated ions is less affected by the increase in temperature [9″ target=_blank>.

　　As early as 1994, Walters et al. [10″ target=_blank> used a heat-capacity laser with flash-pumped rod-shaped neodymium glass as the gain medium to achieve a pulsed laser output with an average power of more than 1 kW and a duration of several seconds, proving the feasibility of the heat-capacity laser scheme. Subsequently, the Lawrence Livermore national laboratory (LLNL) in the United States used large-size Nd3+｜Glass, Nd3+｜Gd3 Ga5 O12 (GGG) crystals, and Nd3+｜Y3 Al5 O12 (YAG) ceramics as the gain medium to carry out the research of solid-state heat-capacity lasers (see Fig. 1) [11″ target=_blank>: In 2001, LLNL used flash lamps to pump 9 pieces10 The cm〜10 cm Nd3+｜Glass obtained a pulsed laser output with an average power of 13 kW. In 2004, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump four 10cm〜10 cm Nd3+:GGG crystals to achieve 45 kW laser output. In 2006, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump five 10 cm 〜 10 cm Nd3+:YAG ceramics with an output power of up to 67 kW and a pulse duration of 500 ms. By introducing a real-time adaptive optical correction system in the cavity, the beam quality control was within 2 times the diffraction limit, and the laser running time was increased to 5 s [12″ target=_blank>.

　　Heat-capacity lasers have two important limitations: (1) the laser beam quality degrades rapidly with the increase of light generation time [13″ target=_blank>; (2) The cooling time of the gain medium accounts for 80% of the entire working cycle, which determines that the heat capacity laser cannot work at high frequency, and the working time in seconds is difficult to meet the practical requirements.

　　1. 2 thin-slice lasers

　　The gain medium of the thin slice laser is a thin sheet with a thickness of less than 1 mm, which is fixed to a rigid substrate that dissipates heat by solder, and the bottom surface of the contact acts as a cooling surface and also acts as a reflective surface for the laser and pump light, and the other side acts as a high transmission surface. Since the direction of heat flow and the direction of laser propagation are basically the same, the wavefront distortion caused by the temperature gradient can be largely ignored, resulting in a high beam quality laser output. The advantage of thin-slice lasers is that they maintain high beam quality at high power outputs. Thin-slice lasers are available in two types of pumping methods: end-pumping and side-pumping, as shown in Figure 2 [14″ target=_blank>.

　　Due to the short propagation distance of light in a single sheet, the gain capacity is limited, and the maximum output power is currently 5 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and further power increases require the cascade of multiple lamella for amplification (see Figure 3 [16″ target=_blank>). In 2000, Stewen et al. [17″ target=_blank> achieved a continuous laser output of 647 W in a single Yb3+｜YAG thin slice by end-pumping, and a maximum laser output of 1070 W by combining four thin slices. In 2009, the Boeing Company pumped 10 Yb3+:YAG thin slices to obtain a laser output of 28 kW, with a laser duration of several seconds and a beam mass close to the diffraction limit [18″ target=_blank>. The commercial thin-slice laser developed by Trumpf in Germany is capable of producing a continuous laser with a stable output power of 18 kW. Theoretical calculations show that the maximum output power of a single sheet is about 30 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and it is clear that the current experimental results are still quite far from the theoretical value.

　　At present, the main problems of thin slice lasers are: (1) high requirements for crystal thin slice processing and welding process; (2) The gain capacity of a single sheet is limited, and the cascade of multiple pieces will make the optical path of the system extremely complex, which requires high precision assembly and adjustment ability of the system.

　　As the saying goes, “if you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools”, when you want to go on stage to give a wonderful PPT explanation or teaching, in order to let the audience clearly grasp the progress position of what the narrator says, the guidance of the laser pointer is indispensable. However, there are not only a variety of styles that compound the functions of the briefing machine and mouse in the laser pointer products, but also common red light and professional-grade green light and blue light in terms of light color, so it must not be easy to buy.After that, high power laser Not afraid of the future, dare to fight and fight, and won applause again and again in the market. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections

　　Therefore, this article will take you to understand the purchase skills of laser pointers, whether you want to find a style for presentations, or need a higher power industrial laser pointer, as long as you can find the most suitable product after reading this article, let’s read down to take a look!

　　Benefits of using a laser pointer:

　　When teaching and giving presentations on the podium, it is usually necessary to use auxiliary props such as laser pointers, so that the audience can clearly know where the content mentioned is on the PPT. However, many people who are looking for convenience and speed will choose to use their hands or long instruments such as batons to instruct, but laser pointers also have many irreplaceable advantages.

　　First, when the screen is too large or inconvenient to move around on stage, the hand and stylus may not be able to reach every corner of the frame, while the laser pointer can easily reach all the beams. In addition, when using a finger or a command pen, it is inevitable that part of the picture will be obscured by the shadow of the body, and the dotted laser pointer ensures that the audience can see the full text and graphics of the presentation.

　　In addition, when using a projector or or other device to make a report, it is common to turn off light sources such as electric lights to make the projected image clearer, but at the same time, the narrator’s movements become difficult to read due to the darkness, and the laser pointer can be clearly seen in a dimly lit environment. Therefore, it is recommended that all commentators buy a laser pointer in case of emergency, which will not only be more flexible in the way of use, but also greatly improve the accuracy of the report.

　　Key points for choosing a laser pointer

　　Next, we will explain what to consider when choosing a laser pointer, and whether you are buying from a physical store or an online store, you can find a product that meets your needs by checking the following points.

　　1. Think about the color of the light first

　　Laser pointers are mainly divided into red and green depending on the wavelength of the light, and although there are other colors such as blue light on the market, the following details the differences between the most common red and green colors.

　　1.1 Red light: high popularity, relatively affordable and easy to get

　　The red light type must be the most familiar laser pointer style in everyone’s impression, because of its cheapness, many styles and high popularity, it is very suitable for people who want to start quickly, in addition, the red light type due to low power consumption, a single battery can be used for a long time and is not easy to cut off, it is quite recommended to use people with high frequency to buy.

　　However, compared with green light, red light is not easy to project on screens such as plasma TVs, and its visual sensitivity and irradiation distance are also unsatisfactory, but it is more than enough for use in small spaces in classrooms or conference rooms.

　　1.2 Green light: suitable for large, bright spaces

　　Green light has high visual sensitivity and a long projection distance, and there are even high-performance models with a range of up to 200~300m on the market, so it is more stable for people who often use it in large conference rooms and lecture halls. However, due to the complexity of the structure, the average price is higher than that of the red light model; However, if you buy a cheap model, problems such as unstable beam output may occur, so it is recommended to compare the performance of each product when buying a green laser pointer to avoid mistakes.

　　2. The shape affects the feel when using

　　Laser pointers have a variety of styles to choose from depending on the shape, and it is recommended to evaluate the suitable products according to personal usage habits. For example, users who prioritize portability can choose a small pen type or key ring type; If you are concerned about the freedom of your hands when using it, you can choose a ring that can be fastened to your finger like a ring; For those who value grip, there is a special shape that enlarges the grip to match the shape of the palm.

　　However, when considering the feel, we should not ignore the disadvantages that come with it, such as the light source of the ring model is usually weak, and the style with a large grip will be bulky overall, so it is important to evaluate the balance of the advantages and disadvantages of the product when purchasing in order to find the most ideal product.

　　3. Diverse accessibility features

　　In addition to the models that simply have the function of an indicator light, there are also models with a variety of wireless technologies that can improve the smoothness of reporting.

　　3.1 Presentation function: easily switch PPT pages

　　Many occasions that use laser pointers to report will be operated together with PowerPoint (referred to as PPT) and other presentation software, at this time, if you choose a model with wireless technology, you can freely turn the page, so that the process of reporting can be more easily explained and freely interact with the audience without the scope of the computer.

　　3.2 Mouse function: free operation of the computer

　　If you have to operate the computer to play videos and open Excel spreadsheets from time to time, it is recommended to choose a laser pointer with mouse function, because it can freely click and slide the page, which can greatly reduce the rhythm of the report caused by operating the computer. Although this type of product has a large number of buttons and takes time to get started, it can be a great tool for presentations after getting used to the interface.

　　4. Confirm the range of wireless signal reception

　　If you intend to use the additional functions described in the preceding paragraph, the signal is usually connected by a USB wireless receiver or Bluetooth, and in order to ensure a smooth and uninterrupted signal between the laser pointer and the computer, it is important to confirm the signal reception range of the product when purchasing the relevant product.

　　Most of the signal range in commercial products falls between 10m~30m, so if you plan to use it in a large conference room, it is recommended to choose a wide range of models. In addition, the Bluetooth model usually has a large signal reception range, and even a long-distance product of up to 50m can be found, if you can’t confirm the size of the site before arriving at the site, or often operate the laser pointer in different scale locations, you must be able to use the Bluetooth laser pointer more securely.

　　5. CNS mark: to ensure product safety

　　Since the laser pointer is made to be recognized by the human eye by projecting a high-power concentrated beam, if it is directly irradiated to the eye, there will be a risk of blindness, so it is important to choose a model that has been inspected by the Bureau of Standards, Inspection and Inspection of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and passed the national standard (CNS, also known as orthography) when purchasing.

　　Generally speaking, the power of laser pointers for presentation on the market is limited to laser class 2 and 1mW, but if it is used for advanced applications such as engineering and stargazing, there are also products with higher power on the market, so it is recommended to select products according to individual use purposes. If you only need to use it in small spaces such as classrooms and conference rooms, you can reduce the risk to humans by choosing products with safety signs.

　　summary

　　In order to complete a perfect briefing, a laser pointer that can make a point is indispensable. By reading the key points of this article, I believe you have gradually clarified what products are suitable for you. I wish everyone can choose the right laser pointer for you.

　　A high-wattage 365 nm laser pointer is making waves in the laser technology market. The 365 nm wavelength belongs to the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and is commonly used in applications such as curing, forensic analysis, and fluorescence. This particular laser pointer model has received a lot of attention due to its ability to emit powerful beams at this wavelength.pass burning laser pen As can be seen from its market performance, it has strong vitality and strong appeal. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

　　The demand for high-power 365 nm laser pointers is primarily due to the UV curing industry. UV curing is a process widely used in industries such as printing, electronics, and manufacturing, where UV light sources are used to immediately cure or dry materials such as adhesives, inks, and coatings. The high power of the 365 nm laser pointer ensures faster and more efficient curing, which has a positive impact on productivity and overall productivity.

　　Experts in the field appreciate the power and versatility of the 365 nm laser pointer. Dr. Jane Williams, a researcher in laser technology, explains, “The 365 nm wavelength is ideal for many applications that require ultraviolet light. With a high-wattage laser pointer at this wavelength, users can achieve superior performance and accuracy in their tasks, with the added benefit of greater range and visibility. Dr. Williams also highlighted the potential for advancements in areas such as forensic investigations, where lasers can help detect forged documents or substances that are invisible to the naked eye.

　　When considering the use of a high-powered laser pointer, it is crucial to evaluate safety measures. 365 nm laser pointers can pose a risk to the eyes and skin if used with caution due to their ultraviolet wavelength. Protective eyewear and proper operating guidelines must be followed to ensure the user’s health. Manufacturers and suppliers play a vital role in providing comprehensive information about safety procedures and precautions.

　　Applications in forensic analysis

　　The use of high-wattage 365 nm laser pointers in forensic analysis has proven to be groundbreaking. By emitting ultraviolet light, these laser pointers can reveal hidden or altered information on a variety of surfaces, including documents, fibers, and fingerprints. Forensic experts can detect traces of bodily fluids, analyze crime scenes, and help identify the authenticity of valuables.

　　In addition, the high wattage of these laser pointers increases their effectiveness, allowing them to illuminate larger areas and improve the visibility of other obscure evidence. Forensic researchers are constantly exploring new possibilities and techniques to harness the power and precision of 365 nm laser pointers.

　　Advances in fluorescence research

　　Fluorescence research, especially in biology and chemistry, relies heavily on ultraviolet light sources. Traditional fluorescent labels emit light in response to specific wavelengths, including 365 nm. Therefore, fluorescence detection can be significantly enhanced with a high-wattage 365 nm laser pointer, allowing researchers to observe complex molecular interactions and analyze biological samples more accurately.

　　In addition, the ability to control the power output of these laser pointers allows researchers to adjust the light intensity and optimize the fluorescence signal-to-noise ratio. This flexibility is critical in applications such as cell imaging, flow cytometry, and protein analysis, where precise and reliable results are critical to scientific advancement.

　　Revolutionizing entertainment and the arts

　　In addition to the field of science and technology, the advent of high-wattage 365 nm laser pointers has sparked a revolution in the entertainment and arts industries. Laser shows that were once limited to specific venues and mass productions can now be brought to individual displays, creating stunning visual experiences.

　　In addition, artists and performers now have access to new tools to express their creative ideas. The vibrant and powerful ultraviolet beam emitted by a 365 nm laser pointer can transform ordinary materials into captivating luminous displays. From creating unique fluorescent paintings to designing immersive installations, this innovative laser opens up a world of possibilities for artists and performers.

　　Medical and scientific research

　　In the medical and scientific fields, the use of high-wattage 365 nm laser pointers is constantly expanding. Ultraviolet wavelengths are particularly useful in cell studies and phototherapy. Laser-induced fluorescence technology can be used to study cell structures and diagnose diseases at the molecular level, leading to improved understanding and potential breakthroughs in medical treatments.

　　The superior power output of these laser pointers facilitates deeper tissue penetration, while their precision allows for targeted and controlled experiments. With the development of advanced imaging techniques, researchers can witness cellular processes in real time and gain valuable insights into the complexities of life sciences.

　　conclusion

　　The introduction of high-wattage 365 nm laser pointers has had a significant impact on various industries, from UV curing to forensic analysis, fluorescence research to entertainment. The power and precision of these lasers are revolutionizing existing practices and opening up new avenues for research and creativity. However, it is important to recognize the potential risks associated with UV wavelengths and prioritize the safety of their use. With the advancement of technology, the applications and advantages of 365nm high wattage laser pointers are bound to continue to expand, propelling us towards a brighter future.

　　Laser pointer, also known as laser pointer, pointer, etc., is a pen-shaped emitter designed to be portable, easy to hold in the hand, and processed into a laser module (diode). Common laser pointers include red (650-660nm), green (532nm), blue (445-450nm), and blue-violet (405nm). It is usually used by newspapers, teachers, and docents to project a point of light or a ray of light directed at an object.As a representative of the industry, laser pointer rechargeable It is necessary to set a certain example for peers and lead the way in product quality. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

　　A physical picture of a common laser pointer

　　Early laser pointers (HeNe) HeNe gas lasers produce a laser wavelength of 633nm, typically 1mW. The cheapest laser pointers use a deep red laser diode with a wavelength of nearly 670/650nm. Slightly more expensive with red, orange 635nm diodes. Other colors are also possible, with the green laser at 532 nm being the most common alternative. Later, an orange-yellow laser pointer with a wavelength of 593.5 nm appeared. In 2005, a 473nm blue laser pointer appeared, which was introduced in September. At the beginning of 2010, a blue-violet laser pointer with a wavelength of 405 nm appeared.

　　The brightness of the laser beam on the spot depends on the laser power, the reflectivity of the surface. For the same power, the spectrum of the human eye in the green region (wavelength 520-570nm) is most sensitive and appears to be brighter than other colors. The sensitivity of the wavelength of red or blue decreases.

　　A laser pointer that typically represents the output power of milliwatts (mW). In the United States, lasers are classified by the National Standards Institute and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Visible laser pointers (400-700nm) operate at less than 1mW of power, Class 2 or II, visible 1-5mW laser pointers, are Class 3A or IIIa. Class 3B or IIIb lasers produce 5 to 500 mW; Class 4 or 4 lasers produce more than 500mW. The U.S. FDA regulations state that “demonstration laser products” must meet applicable requirements for Class I, IIA, or IIIA devices.

　　Measured laser map

　　Red and orange laser pointers

　　This is the simplest laser because there are red diodes. No more than one battery-powered laser diode. The first red laser pointer, released in the early 80s of the 20th century, sold for a few hundred dollars. Today, they are much smaller and generally cost very little. Diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) red lasers at 671nm are common.

　　Yellow laser pointer

　　Yellow laser pointers are extremely rare in the market. DPSS technology is obtained by adding two laser beams with wavelengths of 1064 nm and 1342 nm through a nonlinear crystal. The complexity of the process makes the yellow laser pointer unstable and inefficient, with an output power of 1-10mW depending on the temperature, and a pattern jump if it is overheated or too cold. This is because the size of the laser pointer does not provide the required temperature stabilization and cooling parts. In addition, most 593.5nm laser pointers operate in pulsed mode to allow for the use of pump diodes with smaller size and power.

　　Green laser pointer

　　The nonlinear crystal is excited by an infrared laser with a wavelength of 808nm to produce 1064nm infrared light, and then 532nm green light is generated by frequency doubling, which belongs to solid-state lasers. Some green lasers operate in pulsed or quasi-continuous mode to reduce cooling problems and extend battery life. Green lasers, which do not require frequency doubling, have higher efficiency. At night, even low-power green light can be seen due to Rayleigh scattering of atmospheric molecules, and this laser pointer is often used by astronomy enthusiasts to point to stars and constellations. Green laser pointers can have a variety of output powers. The 5mW (IIIA) is the safest to use and is also visible in dim lighting, so no more power is required for pointing purposes.

　　Blue light laser pointer

　　Blue laser pointers such as a specific wavelength of 473 nm usually have the same infrastructure as green lasers. Many factories in 2006 began to produce blue laser modules, mass storage devices, these used laser pointers. This is the type of equipment that pumps the frequency doubling with semiconductors. They most often emit 473 nm, which is doubled by a frequency multiplied by a diode-pumped laser at 946 nm ND:YAG laser or yttrium neodymium vanadate crystals. The BBO crystal with high output power is used for KTP crystals as a lower power doubling.

　　Visible wavelength green laser pointer

　　Some manufacturers are selling indicators of parallel blue laser diodes measuring power over 1500 milliwatts. However, since the claimed power of the “laser pointer” product also includes infrared power (only in semiconductor pumping technology) is still in the beam (for reasons discussed below), the laser is still problematic on the basis of the DPSS-type elements of the more strict visual blue, and is usually not applicable. Due to the use of higher neodymium harmonics, the frequency doubling conversion efficiency is low, and the infrared power is a small fraction of the optimal configuration of the semiconductor pump module, and the conversion of a blue laser at 473 nm is typically 10-13%, which is about half of that typical of green lasers (20-30%).

　　The blue laser can also directly fabricate indium gallium nitride semiconductors, producing frequency-grabby blue light. There are blue laser diodes on the market (447＼5 nm), and the device is a bright same violet laser diode with a power of less than 405 nm, because the longer wavelength is closer to the peak sensitivity of the human eye. The mass production of laser projectors for commercial equipment, such as laser diodes, has driven down prices. The use of popular high-power (1W) 447 nm indicators, which also have improved optical versions of better collimation and lower divergence, comparable to the use of these portable devices, has reduced the sensitivity of green lasers with the intention and cost of human harm.

　　Why should even the medals and badges be customized? This is a problem that many people don’t understand. In fact, in our life, no matter in schools or enterprises, we will encounter all kinds of competitions, and each competition will inevitably have different awards. Apart from some realistic material rewards, medals, trophies or badges are also essential.Mentioned in the article custom made medals Born with strong vitality, you can turn a cocoon into a butterfly and become the best yourself after wind and rain. https://www.karonmetal.com

　　Customized medals, trophies and badges represent a sense of ceremony given by the organizers and a sense of honor given by the contestants themselves. Then what should we pay attention to when customizing medals and badges as demanders?

　　First, the medal badge style

　　When customizing the design style of medals and badges, it is necessary to integrate the design style that the customization party wants based on the purpose of the product and the inheritance of corporate culture and the spirit of events. At the same time, it is necessary to customize different types of products according to different scenes, and determine the size, proportion, coordination, appropriateness and standard of medal badge products.

　　II. Contents of medals and badges

　　Generally, the customized surface content of the medal badge is the company (school or organization) abbreviation, logo, theme and other information, so it is forbidden that too much information leads to the accumulation of words on the surface of the medal badge. As simple as possible, accurately and completely express the purpose of making medal badges.

　　Third, the medal badge technology

　　Because the materials for making medals and badges are different, the manufacturing process is also diverse. For example, the production of metal medals can be made into colorful and exquisite medals through baking paint and enamel processing, which has a strong three-dimensional effect and various patterns are prominent. Soft enamel and resin are used as coloring materials, and the surface can be plated with gold, nickel and other metal colors, which are smooth and delicate, giving people a very noble feeling.

　　Fourth, medal badge materials

　　The materials for making customized medals and badges need to be determined according to the needs of the customization party. Compared with precious metals, gold, silver and ordinary metals, the precious materials of gold, silver and precious metals are more expensive. The customization party can decide whether the medals are high-grade or not and what materials to choose according to the requirements of different scenes.

　　V. Details of medals and badges

　　The details of customizing the medal badge mainly show whether the font selection is appropriate when customizing the medal badge, and what style of medal wooden support and medal ribbon are selected to match the medal badge; The thickness of medal badge, the width of hem and edge, the plane arch surface, etc., are considered according to different customization requirements.

　　Custom high flexible shielded cables are essential for industries demanding reliable performance, durability, and adaptability. These cables provide robust shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) while offering the flexibility needed in dynamic environments. To select the right cable, businesses must consider application-specific requirements and ensure the product meets performance standards.By comparison, it can be seen that flexible industrial ethernet cable It has certain advantages and great cost performance. https://www.linkcablecn.com

　　Understanding Flexible Shielded Cables

　　Flexible shielded cables are specially designed to provide EMI protection while maintaining flexibility. These cables are widely used in robotics, industrial automation, medical devices, and other high-performance environments.

　　Key Benefits of Flexible Shielded Cables:

　　EMI Resistance: Ensures stable data transmission even in high-interference areas.

　　Durability: Resistant to wear and tear in repetitive motion applications.

　　Versatility: Suitable for various applications, from robotics to control systems.

　　High Flexible Shielded Wire Supplier.jpg

　　Factors to Consider When Choosing Custom High Flexible Shielded Cables

　　To find the ideal cable for your needs, evaluate the following factors:

　　Application Environment

　　Determine where the cable will be used. For example:

　　Robotics: Requires cables with high flexibility and resistance to torsion and bending.

　　Medical Equipment: Demands lightweight cables with precision shielding for sensitive instruments.

　　Industrial Automation: Needs rugged cables that can withstand harsh conditions.

　　Shielding Requirements

　　For environments with high electromagnetic interference, select cables with double-layer or braided shields.

　　Ensure the shielding material matches your application, such as aluminum foil or copper braid.

　　Flexibility and Movement

　　For applications involving continuous motion, opt for cables designed to endure repetitive bending without degradation.

　　Look for torsion-resistant features in Flexible Shielded Cables for Robotics.

　　Temperature and Environmental Resistance

　　Assess the operating temperature range of the cable.

　　Consider cables resistant to oils, chemicals, and moisture for industrial settings.

　　Customization Options

　　Work with a Customized Shielded Cable provider to specify length, connectors, and materials tailored to your project.

　　INTRODUCTIONIn the eyes of peers, burning laser pen It has good qualities that people covet, and it also has many loyal fans that people envy. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

　　Since the birth of the laser in 1960, achieving high output power has been one of the eternal themes in the development of laser technology. The process of increasing laser energy is always accompanied by thermal energy, and thermal energy is useless in this process, “laser energy” and “thermal energy” are the highest and lowest quality forms of energy respectively, and the history of the development of high-power laser technology is a history of struggle with “waste heat”.

　　The first ruby laser[1″ target=_blank> that marked the birth of lasers in 1960 was a solid-state laser. Solid-state lasers usually use activated ion-doped crystals, ceramics and glass as the gain medium, and their gain medium forms include conventional bulk materials and low-dimensional materials represented by optical fibers. After the birth of solid-state lasers, on the one hand, the wavelength coverage was expanded, from the initial red light to short-wave green light, blue light, ultraviolet, deep ultraviolet development, long wavelength

　　Lasers have matured and commercialized in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, and on the other hand, the laser pulse width has been narrowed from microseconds (μs) to nanoseconds (ns), picoseconds (ps), and femtoseconds (fs), and attosecond (AS) lasers are expected to be engineered [2-3″ target=_blank>. The realization of high output power in any application scenario is the common goal of laser technology development [4-6″ target=_blank>.

　　With the increase of pump power, the thermal effect inside the gain medium is significantly enhanced, and the heat generated cannot be removed from the medium in time through heat conduction, resulting in an increase in the internal temperature and temperature gradient of the medium, and the thermal lensing effect and stress birefringence effect caused by the internal thermal distortion seriously deteriorate the beam quality and limit the further increase in power [7″ target=_blank>. In order to suppress the thermal effect, researchers have designed different types of solid-state lasers, such as heat-capacity lasers, thin-slice lasers, slat lasers, and fiber lasers [8″ target=_blank>, with the core idea of improving heat dissipation efficiency. In this paper, the working characteristics and research progress of the above solid-state lasers are briefly reviewed. In addition, based on the current theoretical and experimental research on the thermal conductivity (κ) of crystalline materials, from the perspective of improving the thermal conductivity of gain dielectric materials, the thinking and prospect of solving the thermal effect problem are proposed.

　　1 High-power lasers

　　1. 1 heat capacity laser

　　Heat-capacity lasers reduce the thermal distortion of gain materials by separating the working phase of the laser from the heat dissipation phase in time. When the heat capacity laser is working, the gain medium is in an approximately adiabatic environment, and its internal temperature gradient is small, and the resulting thermal distortion is also small. The internal accumulation of waste heat increases the temperature of the gain medium, which must be forced to cool after a period of continuous operation, depending on the thermodynamic properties of the material itself. Because the gain medium does not dissipate heat from the outside during the laser operation stage, its surface temperature is higher than that inside, and the compressive stress on the surface can greatly increase the damage threshold of the medium, and the allowable laser pumping strength is 5 times that of the surface in the state of tension. The output of a heat-capacity laser depends on the product of the gain medium and the temperature range of the laser that it can generate, so it is not only required that the gain dielectric material have a large heat capacity value, but also that the luminescence efficiency of the internally activated ions is less affected by the increase in temperature [9″ target=_blank>.

　　As early as 1994, Walters et al. [10″ target=_blank> used a heat-capacity laser with flash-pumped rod-shaped neodymium glass as the gain medium to achieve a pulsed laser output with an average power of more than 1 kW and a duration of several seconds, proving the feasibility of the heat-capacity laser scheme. Subsequently, the Lawrence Livermore national laboratory (LLNL) in the United States used large-size Nd3+｜Glass, Nd3+｜Gd3 Ga5 O12 (GGG) crystals, and Nd3+｜Y3 Al5 O12 (YAG) ceramics as the gain medium to carry out the research of solid-state heat-capacity lasers (see Fig. 1) [11″ target=_blank>: In 2001, LLNL used flash lamps to pump 9 pieces10 The cm〜10 cm Nd3+｜Glass obtained a pulsed laser output with an average power of 13 kW. In 2004, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump four 10cm〜10 cm Nd3+:GGG crystals to achieve 45 kW laser output. In 2006, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump five 10 cm 〜 10 cm Nd3+:YAG ceramics with an output power of up to 67 kW and a pulse duration of 500 ms. By introducing a real-time adaptive optical correction system in the cavity, the beam quality control was within 2 times the diffraction limit, and the laser running time was increased to 5 s [12″ target=_blank>.

　　Heat-capacity lasers have two important limitations: (1) the laser beam quality degrades rapidly with the increase of light generation time [13″ target=_blank>; (2) The cooling time of the gain medium accounts for 80% of the entire working cycle, which determines that the heat capacity laser cannot work at high frequency, and the working time in seconds is difficult to meet the practical requirements.

　　1. 2 thin-slice lasers

　　The gain medium of the thin slice laser is a thin sheet with a thickness of less than 1 mm, which is fixed to a rigid substrate that dissipates heat by solder, and the bottom surface of the contact acts as a cooling surface and also acts as a reflective surface for the laser and pump light, and the other side acts as a high transmission surface. Since the direction of heat flow and the direction of laser propagation are basically the same, the wavefront distortion caused by the temperature gradient can be largely ignored, resulting in a high beam quality laser output. The advantage of thin-slice lasers is that they maintain high beam quality at high power outputs. Thin-slice lasers are available in two types of pumping methods: end-pumping and side-pumping, as shown in Figure 2 [14″ target=_blank>.

　　Due to the short propagation distance of light in a single sheet, the gain capacity is limited, and the maximum output power is currently 5 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and further power increases require the cascade of multiple lamella for amplification (see Figure 3 [16″ target=_blank>). In 2000, Stewen et al. [17″ target=_blank> achieved a continuous laser output of 647 W in a single Yb3+｜YAG thin slice by end-pumping, and a maximum laser output of 1070 W by combining four thin slices. In 2009, the Boeing Company pumped 10 Yb3+:YAG thin slices to obtain a laser output of 28 kW, with a laser duration of several seconds and a beam mass close to the diffraction limit [18″ target=_blank>. The commercial thin-slice laser developed by Trumpf in Germany is capable of producing a continuous laser with a stable output power of 18 kW. Theoretical calculations show that the maximum output power of a single sheet is about 30 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and it is clear that the current experimental results are still quite far from the theoretical value.

　　At present, the main problems of thin slice lasers are: (1) high requirements for crystal thin slice processing and welding process; (2) The gain capacity of a single sheet is limited, and the cascade of multiple pieces will make the optical path of the system extremely complex, which requires high precision assembly and adjustment ability of the system.

　　Custom high flexible shielded cables are essential for industries demanding reliable performance, durability, and adaptability. These cables provide robust shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) while offering the flexibility needed in dynamic environments. To select the right cable, businesses must consider application-specific requirements and ensure the product meets performance standards.In the industry, flexible industrial ethernet cable Has been a leader in the industry, but later came from behind but never arrogant, low-key to adhere to quality. https://www.linkcablecn.com

　　Understanding Flexible Shielded Cables

　　Flexible shielded cables are specially designed to provide EMI protection while maintaining flexibility. These cables are widely used in robotics, industrial automation, medical devices, and other high-performance environments.

　　Key Benefits of Flexible Shielded Cables:

　　EMI Resistance: Ensures stable data transmission even in high-interference areas.

　　Durability: Resistant to wear and tear in repetitive motion applications.

　　Versatility: Suitable for various applications, from robotics to control systems.

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　　Factors to Consider When Choosing Custom High Flexible Shielded Cables

　　To find the ideal cable for your needs, evaluate the following factors:

　　Application Environment

　　Determine where the cable will be used. For example:

　　Robotics: Requires cables with high flexibility and resistance to torsion and bending.

　　Medical Equipment: Demands lightweight cables with precision shielding for sensitive instruments.

　　Industrial Automation: Needs rugged cables that can withstand harsh conditions.

　　Shielding Requirements

　　For environments with high electromagnetic interference, select cables with double-layer or braided shields.

　　Ensure the shielding material matches your application, such as aluminum foil or copper braid.

　　Flexibility and Movement

　　For applications involving continuous motion, opt for cables designed to endure repetitive bending without degradation.

　　Look for torsion-resistant features in Flexible Shielded Cables for Robotics.

　　Temperature and Environmental Resistance

　　Assess the operating temperature range of the cable.

　　Consider cables resistant to oils, chemicals, and moisture for industrial settings.

　　Customization Options

　　Work with a Customized Shielded Cable provider to specify length, connectors, and materials tailored to your project.

　　Great days happen in the second half of the year, and many enterprises will hold large-scale celebrations such as anniversaries and annual meetings at the end of the year, or hold corporate sports meetings while the autumn is crisp. Then it is inevitable to customize some badges, medals, trophies and other products. So what are the common customization of medals? Next, Hele Gift Xiaobian will take you to know.We have every reason to believe. design your own custom badge It will become the mainstream of the industry and will gradually affect more and more people. https://www.karonmetal.com

　　1, high-grade metal medal medal medal

　　This kind of customization is mostly used for medals, medals, etc., and the workmanship is exquisite and very advanced. Exquisite gold foil carvings, each step is meticulous and shiny, gorgeous and noble, in line with the honor of medals and medal winners. With innovative technology, the fonts on the medals are clear and the patterns are colorful, which shows the quality.

　　2, paint badge badge

　　Paint badges are made of copper, iron, zinc alloy, etc. Most badges are made of copper. The surface of the badge generally has obvious concave-convex feeling, and the texture is very good. Adding baking paint and glue drops will make it smooth and bright, with clear lines and bright colors. Compared with enamel badges, it is cheaper and cost-effective, and it is the first choice for making middle and high-grade badges.

　　3, gold high quality bronze badge

　　Of course, you can directly choose this kind of stamping badge for the copper badge, which is full of metallic color, so you don’t have to worry about the color difference of printed glue, and it is also very advanced. And choose this golden style when customizing, which is more atmospheric and durable. At the same time, the mold can also be hollowed out, and the effect is very delicate and beautiful.